the complexity and development of business decision making is in need of strategic management. the management of the internal affairs of a company is only a part of managers function. a through and appropriate approach to the dynamics of external environment of organization such as the competitors, suppliers, the ever decreasing and scarce resources, the government sponsored rules and regulatio...

The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion calls for building healthy public policy, that is for '[putting] health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels, directing them to be aware of the health consequences of their decisions and to accept their responsibilities for health'. The objective of this study was to assess the past and potential future influence of information ...

introduction: unsafe and illegal abortions are the third leading cause of maternal death. it affects physical, emotional and social health of women and their families. abortion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon with several social, legal, and religious implications. the views of policy-makers affect the approach to abortion in every society. understanding the attitudes and knowledge of high-ran...

Many fisheries in North America are in crisis, creating ever more complex problems for managers. Management decisions are contested in court, changed via legislation, or merely ignored. As complexities multiply, accuracy of management predictions decrease. Managers need tools to examine complex fishery systems which include not only biological and economic concerns, but political, social and be...

Background The lack of effective use of research evidence in policy-making is a major challenge in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is need to package research data into effective policy tools that will help policy-makers to make evidence-informed policy regarding infectious diseases of poverty (IDP). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of training works...

regarding the importance of small & medium enterprises (smes) in economical and social growth process as well as the special attention of planners and policy-makers to this significant issue, it is necessary to take radical initiatives to improve the conditions of different enterprises. in various studies, connoisseurs and researchers have found that unchallengeable treatment of making small & ...

Since there are major gaps in scientific knowledge about the greenhouse effect, policy makers are forced to rely on scientists’ judgments about the rate of climate change and its effects. It now appears that significant policy decisions will have to be made despite continuing uncertainty and disagreement among scientists. The best that policy makers can do is look for guidance in the best avail...