In both human and veterinary medicine, it has been shown that flooding the market with different generics and/or 'me-too' branded drugs has increased overall antibiotic consumption correlating with the emergence and spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Another possible undesirable consequence of the promotion of generics is the promotion of an economic incentive that encourages the us...

Internal tobacco industry documents relevant to China as published on www.tobaccoarchives.com located between 31 May and 1 August 1999 were searched. Documents describing the ambitions and conduct of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) in China between 1976 and 1997 were located and reviewed in three sections: part A-early identification of market potential and attempts to enter the market, ...

Experimental economics techniques are used in this paper to examine the benefits and potential adoption of Internet-based electronic auctions for the initial public offerings (IPO) market. The IPO market is dominated by investment banks, which organize the promotion, pricing, and allocation of new securities. The high transaction costs and inefficiency evident in the IPO market make it an appar...

Spence, QJE 1973 “Job Market Signaling” The big point: If there is a heterogeneity of types and there exists a signal which has a cost that is negatively correlated with productivity then there exist an infinite number of equlibirium which produce perfect information. Spence hopes to generate a model that “a considerable variety of market and quasimarket phenomena like admissions procedures, pr...

The seafood industry is one part of the food industry competing for consumer protein demand. Generic advertising or promotion offers one approach to expand that demand. Generic promotion programs focus on market expansion involving an entire industry or segment. They involve advertising directly to the final consumer or to institutional or retail buyers, or promotion programs to accompany other...

Trade promotions are temporary price cuts that manufacturers offer retailers to encourage them to reduce retail prices. While trade promotion spending as a percentage of marketing budget has increased dramatically, the inefficiency of trade promotion represents the ‘‘number-one concern’’ among manufacturers, as indicated by recent trade surveys. At the heart of this dissatisfaction lies manufac...

Overview Developing products that not only add value but also increase profitability is the goal of virtually all niche food and agricultural product producers and manufacturers. Large-scale food product manufacturers often accomplish this goal through several strategies, including undertaking market research to identify relatively large segments of the market to serve as potential customers, e...