This study investigates the relationship between the welfare state and poverty with multiple measures of the welfare state and poverty in an unbalanced panel of 18 Western nations from 1967 to 1997. While addressing the limitations of past research, the analysis shows that social security transfers and public health spending significantly reduce poverty. Less robust evidence exists that social ...

Governments influence the economy by changing level and types of taxes, extent composition spending, degree form borrowing. directly indirectly way resources are used in economy. Higher fees, greater regulations can stymie businesses or entire industries resulting impact is reflected on country’s status (strong weak). The growth rate GDP often as an indicator general health In broad terms, incr...

lmost ten years after the end of the Cold War was declared, the Asian North-East continues being an area of convergence between the tensions that were characteristic of that historical period. Disposed around the Korean Peninsula, Russia, China and Japan interact there, with the USA constantly interfering in the political and military spheres. The Peninsula continues being divided between two r...

Elections, specially in countries such as Brazil, with an electorate of the order of 100 million people, yield large-scale data-sets embodying valuable information on the dynamics through which individuals influence each other and make choices. In this work we perform an extensive analysis of data sets available for Brazilian proportional elections of legislators and city councilors throughout ...

discussion the prevalence of mtss was relatively lower in this study comparing to other studies on military personnel. it was not probably due to type of military shoes or exercise area surface (none of them were standardized); it could be due to low intensity trainings and the long intervals between training sessions. results data of all the 181 subjects with the mean age of 30.7 ± 4.68 years ...

Between 1906 and 1917 China (under the Imperial and then Republican regimes) enacted a highly effective intervention to suppress the production of opium. Evidence from British Foreign Office records suggest that the intervention was centred, in many areas, upon a highly repressive incarnation of law enforcement in which rural populations had their property destroyed, their land confiscated and/...

Bounded time series and time series of continuous proportions are often encountered in statistical modeling. Usually, they are addressed either by a logistic transformation of the data, or by specific probability distributions, such as Beta distribution. Nevertheless, these approaches may become quite tricky when the data show an overdispersion in 0 and/or 1. In these cases, the zero-and/or-one...

This paper examines sources and contributions of friction in heavy-duty diesel engines. Current and past work done on the characterization of diesel engine friction will be reviewed. It is also a goal to analyze each component system from a basic mechanics viewpoint highlighting some of the key friction producing phenomena. Different regimes of lubricated friction will be illustrated using a ge...

In this paper we propose and analyze a new descriptive model of armed conflicts among N groups. The model is composed ofN ordinary differential equations, with 3(N+N) constant parameters that describe military characteristics and recruitment policies, ranging from pure defensivism to pure fanaticism. The results are only preliminary, but point out interesting (though not very surprising) proper...