The mitochondrial and nuclear genomes coordinate and co-evolve in eukaryotes in order to adapt to environmental changes. Variation in the mitochondrial genome is capable of affecting expression of genes on the nuclear genome. Sex-specific mitochondrial genetic control of gene expression has been demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster, where males were found to drive most of the total variation...

Three tRNA genes have been isolated from a genomic library of Arabidopsis thaliana: a tRNA (GCU), a tRNA (GUA) and a tRNA (UUC) genes. These genes are located closely on the same DNA fragment. The tRNA and the tRNA genes have both 99% sequence similarity with their mitochondrial counterparts from higher plants indicating that these three tRNA genes are mitochondrial. The tRNAv gene shows a part...

Mammalian mitochondrial genomes are organized in a conserved and extremely compact manner, encoding molecules that play a vital role in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and carry out a number of other important biological functions. A large-scale screening of the normalized mitochondrial gene expression profiles generated from publicly available mammalian serial analysis of gene expression (S...

Rhodnius prolixus is an obligatory hematophagous insect, vector of Chagas disease. After blood meal, lipids are absorbed, metabolized, synthesized, and accumulated in the fat body. When necessary, stored mobilized, transported to other organs, or oxidized provide energy. Mitochondrial ?-oxidation a cyclic conserved pathway, where degradation long-chain fatty acids occurs contribute cellular ene...

Mitochondrial function declines with age in postmitotic tissues such as brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Despite weekly exercise, aged mice showed substantial losses of mtDNA gene copy numbers and reductions in mtDNA gene transcription and mitobiogenesis signaling in brain and heart. We treated these mice with weekly intravenous injections of recombinant human mitochondrial transcription facto...

Takecallis nigroantennatus Wieczorek sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), associated with the cold hardy bamboo variety Fargesia spp. (Bambusoideae), is described and illustrated along a key to species of genus Takecallis. The results mitochondrial COI (DNA barcoding) nuclear elongation factor 1 (EF1α) gene sequences, which confirm genetic difference new taxon from other congeneric species, are pro...

This study reports on the molecular identification of fish species from processed products which had a priori been classified as belonging to 5 important species in Iran for human consumption. DNA barcoding using direct sequencing of an approximately 650bp of mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene revealed incorrect labeling of Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel samples. High occurre...

Two novel mitochondrial gene arrangements are identified in an agamid lizard and a ranid frog. Statistical tests incorporating phylogeny indicate a link between novel vertebrate mitochondrial gene orders and movement of the origin of light-strand replication. A mechanism involving errors in light-strand replication and tandem duplication of genes is proposed for rearrangement of vertebrate mito...

Abstract Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease of variable clinical severity that caused by mutations in the survival 1 ( SMN1 ) gene. Despite its name, SMN a ubiquitous protein functions within and outside nervous system has multiple cellular roles transcription, translation, proteostatic mechanisms. Encouragingly, several SMN-directed therapies have rece...

During experimental hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, the heart energy metabolism reverts from the normal adult type that obtains the majority of its requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from metabolism of fatty acids and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to the fetal form, which metabolizes glucose and lactate. Mitochondrial synthesis and function require an estimated 1000 polypeptid...