The use of L1 in language classroom has been traditionally repressed by applied linguists. However, in recent years, it is believed that switching to L1 can be considered a pedagogical instrument by teachers rather than a heterodox. Consequently, this two-phase study was an attempt to investigate the functions that are fulfilled by EFL teachers through their use of L1. In the first phase (i.e.,...

To account for differences among rural and urban regions, the OECD has established a regional typology, classifying TL3 regions as predominantly urban (PU), intermediate (IN) or predominantly rural (PR). This typology has proved to be meaningful to better explain regional differences in economic and labour market performance. However, it does not take into account the presence of economic agglo...

the use of l1 in language classroom has been traditionally repressed by applied linguists. however, in recent years, it is believed that switching to l1 can be considered a pedagogical instrument by teachers rather than a heterodox. consequently, this two-phase study was an attempt to investigate the functions that are fulfilled by efl teachers through their use of l1. in the first phase (i.e.,...

This paper examines plural suppletion in the Barguzin dialect of Buryat (Mongolic, Russia), which occurs only accusative and genitive noun phrases. The restricted distribution this process, specifically its absence oblique cases, is significant for recent research on typology feature structure case. For much work vein, would qualify as having an ‘ABA’ pattern, predicted to be unattested. I argu...

As Einstein nicely put it: ‘Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.’ It would be good to have a simple typology of the morphosyntactic features. And if Zwicky (1986: 988-989) is right in suggesting that there is a fixed list of available features and values, then a simple typology is an attainable goal. However, when we examine how features and their values can be esta...

BACKGROUND We examine the extent to which an existing sex work typology captures human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in Karnataka and propose a systematic approach for devising evidence-based typologies. METHODS The proposed approach has four stages: (i) identifying main places of solicitation and places of sex; (ii) constructing possible typologies based on either or both of these criter...

Remote sensing has widely been used in urban climatology since it has the advantage of a simultaneous synoptic view of the full urban surface. Methods include the analysis of surface temperature patterns, spatial (biophysical) indicators for urban heat island modelling, and flux measurements. Another approach is the automated classification of urban morphologies or structural types. In this stu...

The investigation of OER initiatives requires rigorous appraisal based on theory as well as descriptions based on practice if we are to understand them and how they might be sustained. A robust typology or flexible classification scheme will enable better comparison of common elements over widely different OER initiatives and help inform and improve praxis at all levels and across all socio-eco...

A language’s grammar can be stratified, due to borrowing processes. While being a well-established term in the linguistic literature, ‘borrowing’ is sometimes used non-uniform way, particularly when it applies bound morphological formatives. Stratal Effect hypothesized, which, applying varying extent, gives rise at least three distinct, psycholinguistically motivated types of transfer. typology...

This paper discusses a number of ways of classifying inter-agent conflict, and offer an overview of the informal dialogue typology proposed by Walton and Krabbe [13]. A formalisation of this typology is summarised, and the account is shown to facilitate a coherent approach to the various classes of conflict.