introduction: the role of ovarian hormones and nitric oxide (no) in learning and memory and their interaction has been widely investigated. the present study carried out to evaluate different effect of l-name on spatial learning and memory of ovariectomized (ovx) and sham operated rats. methods: 32 rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) sham 2) ovx 3) sham-ln and 4) ovx-ln. the animals of groups 3...

1. introduction the pattern has been the same for the planning and management of agriculture in rural areas, which is applied to various forms of state failure and inefficiency of the agricultural development programs. because this planning and management have not been designed based on needs, talents, and abilities of the rural areas, but based on consensus over the potential and actual needs ...

Researchers interested in estimating productivity can choose from an array of methodologies, each with its strengths and weaknesses. I evaluate five widely used techniques; two nonparametric, index numbers and data envelopment analysis, and three parametric methods, instrumental variables estimation, stochastic frontiers, and semi-parametric estimation. Using two samples of manufacturing firms ...

‎ introduction: controversial results have been reported about the effect of morphine and stress on learning and spatial memory in rodents. there are very few studies about the effects of ultra low doses of morphine on memory. in this study, effects of acute administration of low and usual doses of morphine on memory formation and retention in the presence and absence of repeated stress were in...

persian carpet weaving is one of iran’s most famous industries that has attracted the world’s attention to persian arts through the centuries. what above all, have given prominence to persian carpet as a beautiful work of art are the pattern and its composition in a two-dimensional space. the diversity of patterns, use of deep and beautiful colors, good composition, harmony of colors, delicate ...