All plant pathogens and parasites have had to develop strategies to overcome cell walls in order to access the host's cytoplasm. As a mechanically strong, multi-layered composite exoskeleton, the cell wall not only enables plants to grow tall but also protects them from such attacks. Many plant pathogens employ an arsenal of cell wall degrading enzymes, and it has long been thought that the det...

By conducting low-reversed cyclic loading tests, this paper explores the load-bearing performance of frame-supported multi-ribbed lightweight wall structures. The finite-element software (OpenSees) is used to simulate the process with the shear wall width (at the frame-supported layer) and different hole opening approaches (for multi-ribbed lightweight walls) as variables. The conclusions refle...

Broomcorn seed (Sorghum vulgare) was used as raw material for bioethanol production. Optimum conditions were obtained from response surface method. Broomcorn seed flour (45 g/l) was treated by alkaline treatment and dual enzymatic hydrolysis (0.7 g/l of α- amylase and 0.42 g/l of amyloglucosidase). The hydrolyzed total sugar of 25.5 g/L was used in conventional bioethanol production (8.1 g/l) u...

Nano fillers are part of new studies to enhance various properties of fluids and solids. For example, adding nanoparticles as an enforcement in nanocomposites or as an additive to improve thermal or electrical properties in nano-fluids are of extreme importance in science and industry. There are numerous methods to uniformly disperse nanoparticles in fluid and solid phase. One of the well-used ...

In this project, a three-component functionalization of carboxylated shortend multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-COOH) by Histidine derivative via amidation method have been investigated. The functionalized MWNTs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 

The occurrence of contaminants in wastewaters, and their behavior during wastewater treatment and production of drinking water are key issues to re-use water resources. The present research aims to remove caffeine from aqueous solutions via adsorption technique, using Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent under different experimental conditions. The processing variables such as p...

Carbon nanolUbes. consisting of graphilic cylinders. have been synthesized in bulk quantities. This comributiofl summarizes our presenr knowledge of Ihe microscopic mechanisms leading to the self· assembly of single-wall or multi-wall tubes. Numerical calculations. supponed by expenmental evidence, suggest these close relatives of fullercnes to be extremely stable Wilh reSpeCI to meChanical str...

A highly sensitive and stable tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was developed based on carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersed in mesoporous composite films of sol–gel titania and perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion). Single-wall (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be easily dispersed in the titania–Nafion composite solution. Th...