Palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a great threat to the environment. However, it contains valuable resources such as energy, water and nutrients that could be recovered for sustainable development. Currently, anaerobic digester has been employed to recover the energy potential in POME. However, the presence of suspended solids in the digestate hinders the downstream nutrients recovery process...

Many current and future applications of biological engineering hinge on our ability to measure, understand, and manipulate metabolism. Many diseases for which we seek cures are metabolic in nature. Small-molecule biomanufacturing almost always involves metabolic engineering. Biofuels, a current topic of great interest, is essentially a metabolic problem. Even bioprocesses that involve complex p...

We develop a method to obtain an optimal solution for a constrained distribution system with several items and multi-retailers. The objective is to determine the procurement frequency as well as the joint shipment interval for each retailer in order to minimize the total costs. The proposed method is applicable to both nested and non-nested policies and ends up with an optimal solution. To solv...

Theorem 4.3 Let the initialization u0 be sufficiently close to the solution ū of P. Then the iterates uk of Algorithm 1 converge superlinearly to ū in L2(Ω). Moreover, the corresponding states yk converge superlinearly to ȳ in H1 0 (Ω). Proof To apply Theorem 4.1, it remains to show that the generalized derivative (4.7) is invertible and that the norms of the inverse linear mappings are bounded...

The availability of whole-cell-level metabolic networks of high quality has made it possible to develop a predictive understanding of bacterial metabolism. Using the optimization framework of flux balance analysis, I investigate the metabolic response and activity patterns to variations in the availability of nutrient and chemical factors such as oxygen and ammonia by simulating 30,000 random c...

Genomic, biochemical, and strain-specific data can be assembled to define an in silico representation of the metabolic network for a select group of single cellular organisms. Flux-balance analysis and phenotypic phase planes derived therefrom have been developed and applied to analyze the metabolic capabilities and characteristics of Escherichia coli K-12. These analyses have shown the existen...

We examine the evolution of the IGM Lyα optical depth distribution using the transmitted flux probability distribution function (PDF) in a sample of 63 QSOs spanning absorption redshifts 1.7 < z < 5.8. The data are compared to two theoretical τ distributions: a model distribution based on the density distribution of Miralda-Escudé et al. (2000) (MHR00), and a lognormal distribution. We assume a...