Alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy foods contribute greatly to the global burden of non-communicable disease (NCD). Member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the critical need to address these three key risk factors through global action plans and policy recommendations. The 2013-2020 WHO action plan identifies the need to engage economic, agricultural and other relevant...

This paper proposes a discrete-time NCD risk model that incorporates the well-known No Claims Discount (NCD) system (or bonus-malus system (BMS)) in the car insurance industry. Such a system penalises policyholders at fault in accidents by surcharges, and rewards claim-free years by discounts. For simplicity, only two levels of premium are considered in the given model and recursive formulae ar...

Editorials 484 Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. 1 The social and economic impact of NCDs are threatening progress towards sustainable development. NCDs are the leading causes of death, 2 causing 16 million premature deaths annually. 3 Four main groups of noncommunicable diseases – cardiovas-cular diseases, cancers, chronic resp...

BACKGROUND Recent societal and political reforms in Myanmar may upturn the socio-economy and, thus, contribute to the country's health transition. Baseline data on urban-rural disparities in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors are not thoroughly described in this country which has been relatively closed for more than five decades. We aim to investigate urban-rural differences in mean va...

Aging-related major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formerly named dementia, comprises of the different acquired diseases whose primary deficit is impairment in cognitive functions such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual/motor skills, and social cognition, and that are related to specific brain regions and/or networks. According to its etiology, t...

BACKGROUND Countries have agreed to reduce premature mortality (defined as the probability of dying between the ages of 30 years and 70 years) from four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs)--cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancers, and diabetes--by 25% from 2010 levels by 2025 (referred to as 25×25 target). Targets for selected NCD risk factors have also been agreed on. ...

In order to respond to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide, the World Health Organization developed the global action plan (GAP), which included nine targets and 25 indicators to monitor the targets. Owing to space constraints, the article reviewed the status of 17 indicators for seven targets out of nine targets in the GAP in Korea. Most of these 17 indicators r...

Kenya is a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa, facing a triple disease burden, with an increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs); uncontained infectious diseases; coupled with significant morbidity and mortality from environmental causes such as droughts and flooding. The limelight has been on infectious diseases, leaving few resources for NCDs. As NCDs start to gain attention, it is b...

Incomplete vaccination for patients with type 2 diabetes attending non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinics is an issue that could affect patient's health and wellness negatively and puts patients at high risk of serious diseases. We aimed to improve physicians adherence to complete vaccination schedule for patients with type 2 diabetes attending NCD clinics in west bay health center according t...