the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of r&d on profitability of high -tech industries with new evidence from the iranian industries carrying four- digit codes. the structure- conduct- performance (scp) paradigm, which is relatively well known in industrial economics and in organization management, provides the theoretical construct that guides our empirical model formu...

Economics and engineering have much in common since both are concerned with making decisions to act, based on evidence from many sources including science. An analysis of financial trading an engineering-systems perspective leads a theory obligations as means capturing natural, social human capital. The treatment is analogy between gravitational electromagnetic fields forces interactions. ‘obli...

A transition toward a sustainable circular bioeconomy requires drastic changes across broad range of industries and their stakeholders. The current slow pace with which society tries to avert the transgression critical thresholds planetary system is worrying. However, historical case shipping industry in 19th century shows how suddenly whole can change after long period low innovation activity ...

iran is one of the most concentrated areas of afghan migrants and refugees. most afghans dispersed throughout the country mixed with iranian households. the majority of afghan immigrants are typically unskilled and illegal workers. this study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between afghan immigrants and two main labor market indicators, average wages and unemployment...

In recent years, developing countries like Nigeria with large human and natural resources have attracted huge investment leading to a rise in foreign into the Nigerian economy. To create conditions that would attract more Foreign Direct Investment manufacturing subsector, right infrastructure must be put place. This study examined relationship between Investment, output Nigeria. Time series dat...

This study documents the presence of local protectionism and quantifies its impacts on market competition social welfare in context China’s automobile market. A salient feature auto is that vehicle models by joint ventures state-owned enterprises command much higher shares their headquarter provinces than at national level. Through county border analysis, falsification tests, a consumer survey,...

Autobiographical memory, that is, our memory for personal life experiences, is integral to our sense of self. However, the experience of trauma can create distortions in how our memories are bought to mind. In particular, trauma can produce an overgeneral memory style, which relates to the development of both PTSD and depression. However, theory states that immediately following a traumatic eve...

injuries suffered in vehicle traffic crashes are the leading cause of death among children in many countries. prevention of injuries of children in raod accidents is still a challenge. the present lecture discuss the commonly injuried body regions in children involved in motor and non-motor vehicle traffic crashes. head, ribs and lung are commonly injured body regions among children under 8 yea...