An input–output framework is adopted to estimate China’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as generated by its exports in 2002. More than one half of China’s exports are related to international production fragmentation. These processing exports generate relatively little value added but also relatively little emissions. We argue that existing estimates of the CO2 content of China’s exports are si...

Abstract. The purpose of the scientific study is to clarify place Russia in world trade sunflower oil modern conditions and development trends Russian exports this product, identify main factors that have a positive negative impact on exports. To achieve goal, following tasks been set: 1) analyze global structure imports oil; 2) assess most significant dynamics exports; 3) investigate problems ...

Tropical agriculture is expanding rapidly at the expense of forest, driving a global extinction crisis. How to create agricultural landscapes that minimise the clearance of forest and maximise sustainability is thus a key issue. One possibility is protecting natural forest within or adjacent to crop monocultures to harness important ecosystem services provided by biodiversity spill-over that ma...

This paper examines the effect of FDI activity on manufacturing exports in four MENA countries. The sensitivity of manufacturing exports and the share in manufacturing exports in total exports to two measures of FDI activity is tested. The findings of this analysis suggest that FDI activity may have a positive effect on the host country’s manufacturing exports. The magnitude of the effect howev...

The 'paradox of plenty' and the 'resource curse' hypotheses claim that abundance in natural resources, particularly oil, encourages civil war through a number of causal mechanisms. Natural resources provide both motive and opportunity for conflict, rent seeking slows down growth and renders state institutions weak thus creating indirect causes of violent conflict. Contrarily, the theory of the ...

E nergy analysts sometimes speak of oil’s “golden era,” that 100-year stretch between 1874 and 1974 when the real price was relatively stable within a range from $10 to $20 per barrel (BP, 2008) in 2007 dollars. Figure 1 shows that in recent decades, that stability has ended. In October 1973, several Arabic members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced that i...