In this paper, we tested the catching-up hypothesis toward the USA using Becker et al. (2006) flexible Fourier KPSS stationary test over the period 1960-2009. The mentioned test could control for unknown number and form of structural breaks using a selected frequency component of a Fourier function. Our results show almost poor countries stay poor and almost rich countries stay rich. South Kore...

Gillnets are the world's most common net-based fishing gear, comprising walls of light mesh designed to entangle fish. often retrieved with holes in netting, which means some animals escape or depredated unseen, but mortality. To effectively manage fisheries around world, information is required on not only harvested and discarded mortalities, also problematic interactions mortalities caused by...

This paper reviews recent evidence on the trends in household well-being in Africa during the 1990s. It draws on the findings of a series of studies on poverty dynamics which utilize the better data sets now available. It begins by taking a broad view of poverty, tracing changes in both income poverty and in other more direct measures of individual welfare. Experiences have been varied: some co...

Studying the trajectories of 5,536 households of 36 villages located in three districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, it is found that while 14.1 percent of these households escaped from poverty over the past 25 years, another 12.2 percent of these households fell into poverty during the same time. Movements upward and movements downward are responsive to different sets of factors. While ill health...