several modalities of drug administration have been investigated to improve bioavailability and to reduce 5-fu related toxicity. the aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of skimmed milk on the absorption and metabolism of 5-fu in rabbits, mice and dogs. it was further aimed to determine its route related toxicity in rabbits.    plasma concentration of both 5-fu and its metabolite 5-f...

The pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of (R)-N-[4-[2-[[2-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethylphenyl]thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide (1), a 3-pyridyl thiazole benzenesulfonamide beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, were investigated in rats, dogs, and monkeys. Systemic clearance was higher in rats (approximately 30 ml/min/kg) than in dogs and monkeys (...

In the following review, we evaluated the current literature and evidence-based data on transdermal magnesium application and show that the propagation of transdermal magnesium is scientifically unsupported. The importance of magnesium and the positive effects of magnesium supplementation are extensively documented in magnesium deficiency, e.g., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The...

Peroral protein/peptide delivery has been one of the most challenging, but encouraging topics in pharmaceutics. This article was intended to explore the potential of biotin-modified liposomes (BLPs) as oral insulin delivery carriers. By incorporating biotin-DSPE into the lipid bilayer, we prepared BLPs using reverse evaporation/sonication method. We investigated hypoglycemic effects in normal r...

In the development of drugs intended for oral use, good drug absorption and appropriate drug delivery are very important. Now the predictions for drug absorption and oral bioavailability follow similar approach: calculate molecular descriptors for molecules and build the prediction models. This approach works well for the prediction of compounds which cross a cell membrane from a region of high...

Resveratrol (RESV) is a plant polyphenol, which is thought to have beneficial metabolic effects in laboratory animals as well as in humans. Following oral administration, RESV is immediately catabolized, resulting in low bioavailability. This study compared RESV metabolites and their tissue distribution after oral uptake and skin absorption. Metabolomic analysis of various mouse tissues reveale...

The aim of this study was the development and characterization of lipid nanocarriers using food grade components for oral delivery of Serenoa repens CO2 extract, namely microemulsions (MEs) and self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDSs) to improve the oral absorption. A commercial blend (CB) containing 320 of S. repens CO2 extract plus the aqueous soluble extracts of nettle root and ...

The interpretation of oral glucose tolerance tests is complicated by varying individual rates of absorption from the intestinal tract. Intravenous tests eliminate the absorption factor, but there is evidence that they may be less sensitive than oral tests in detecting impaired tolerance (Moyer and Womack, 1950). It was considered that a galactose tolerance test performed in parallel with a gluc...

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of D,L-threo-methylphenidate (MPH) from a novel bimodal release formulation (Ritalin LA capsule) compared with an immediate-release formulation (Ritalin IR tablet) in healthy volunteers. METHODS The bimodal release formulation contains 50% of the dose in the immediate-release (IR) beads and 50%...

To evaluate the extent to which daily oral Fe supplements may block Fe absorption from a subsequent dose, we compared effects of oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) Fe supplementation on Fe status in anaemic rats (haemoglobin (Hb) 90 g/l). A ligated duodenal loop technique was used to assess the effects of the Fe supplements administered either orally or i.p. at different frequencies on Fe absorpti...