This paper proposes a holistic equilibrium theory of organizational development (OD). The theory states that there are three driving forces in organizational change and development—rationality, reality, and liberty. OD can be viewed as a planned process of change in an organization so as to establish equilibrium among these three interacting forces. Existing OD theories, concepts and their impl...

While quite provocative, the chapter on sensory systems analysis is uneven in quality. The Weiner method of white noise analysis of nonlinear systems is an esoteric technique based upon multidimensional cross-correlation of input-output relationships; these yield n-dimensional "kernels" which may be used to reconstruct the system. Naka, however, has written better descriptions of his pioneering...

Organization and Development of the Embryo is based on a series of Silliman Lectures at Yale University given by Ross G. Harrison in 1949 under the same title. Professor Harrison was unable to prepare these lectures for publication because of illness, but his assistant, Miss Sally Wilens, has assembled in this volume the notes and papers of Professor Harrison on which the content of the lecture...

Marketing channel plays a key role for the success of an enterprise in gaining competitive edge, markets demanding agility and quick market responsiveness which represent complex phenomena in global competition. To discover the behavior and mechanism of organization, nowadays, more and more people have paid attention to the complexity theory such as self-organization, dissipative structure theo...

In the first section the paper describes the weak position held by Africa in the global trade of goods and identifies key determinants of the region’s industrial performance. It goes on to outline shifts in the overall structure of international trade and production, together with the challenges they pose for Africa. It analyses the reasons for low productivity rates, points to missed export op...