osmotic dehydration under discontinuous reduced pressure is one of the new methods of preparation fruits and vegetable processing with in view of good health. processing of foods at high temperatures used to cook them can cause the formation of carcinogenic substances like acrylamide, and this risk remains even if the trans-fat is removed. the low temperatures employed in this method resulted i...

anaerobic digestion is a feasible technology to stabilize the solid waste generated inslaughterhouses obtaining significant quantities of biogas, considered as a clean and renewable fuel. this iswhy it is important to optimize the digestion process in order to eliminate organic matter and maximize theproduction of biogas. in this work, a system was developed for treating slaughterhouse solid wa...

Background: Following the expansion of human infertility, different procedures have been utilized for separation of normal sperm during ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) is one of the tests which have been introduced for assessment of integrity of sperm membrane when confronted with hypo osmotic condition. This test may also reflect intracellular organe...

Osmoregulation is important to living organisms for survival in responding to environmental changes ofwater and ionic strength. We demonstrated here for the first time that exposure of HeLa cells to a hypotonic medium (30% growth medium and 700% water) prominently induced the binding activity of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide did not inhibit ...

In this paper, we investigate the physical mechanisms underlying one of the most efficient filtration devices: the kidney. Building on a minimal model of the Henle loop—the central part of the kidney filtration—we investigate theoretically the detailed out-of-equilibrium fluxes in this separation process in order to obtain absolute theoretical bounds for its efficiency in terms of separation ab...

Nicotine is classified as a dependence-producing drug. This study investigated the rewarding property of nicotine employing the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in a three-compartment box, and compared it with that of methamphetamine (MAP). In place conditioning using a biased method, rats were placed in one (white or black) compartment under the drug treatment and placed in the othe...

Effects of morphine microinjected into the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei, which contain neurons producing and releasing antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), on the outflow and the osmotic pressure of urine and other visceral functions were investigated in a rat which was loaded with water and anesthetized with ethanol. The opioid drug, having predominantly mu-ago...