introduction: children with pragmatic language impairment have problems with appropriate use of language according to age and context. assessment and intervention plans designed to be used with a pragmatically impaired child were discussed in this study. materials and methods: the primary method of data collection adopted in this study was observation method. accordingly, communicative partner ...

The use of politeness strategies can help interlocutors promote and/or maintain social harmony in telephone interactions. Using the Rapport Management Model proposed by Spencer-Oatey (2008), this study aimed primarily to reinvestigate the closing structures of telephone conversation (hereafter abbreviated as TC) in Persian and to discover the common politeness strategies used by native Persian ...

BACKGROUND We explored the views of key stakeholders to identify the ethical challenges of pragmatic trials investigating pharmaceutical drugs. A secondary aim was to capture stakeholders' attitudes towards the implementation of pragmatic trials in the drug development process. METHODS We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews among individuals from different key stakeholder groups (ac...

In this paper, we translate sentence generation from TAG grammars with semantic and pragmatic information into a planning problem by encoding the contribution of each word declaratively and explicitly. This allows us to tap into the recent performance improvements in off-the-shelf planners. It also opens up new perspectives on referring expression generation and the relationship between languag...

The present investigation sought to comparatively explore the effect of length of residence (LOR) as well as EFL instruction on the pragmatic competence of Iranian learners. The participants were 45 EFL learners in Iran and 45 learners in Canada selected based on snowball sampling and each group was divided into three sub-groups based on the years of learning English in an EFL or a natural sett...

As libraries become increasingly based on digital storage and access technologies, knowledge management approaches seem particularly useful. Most knowledge management systems emphasize the role of information and communications technologies, and the question arises about the role of librarians in these systems. This paper posits that if globally digital libraries are to realize their potential ...

Information extraction tools like SMES transform natural language into formal representation, e.g. into feature structures. Doing so, these tools exploit and apply linguistic knowledge about the syntactic and morphological regularities of the language used. However, these tools apply semantic as well as pragmatic knowledge only partially at best. Automatic processing of military reports has to ...

We trace in pragmatic terms some of what we know about knowledge, information technology, knowledge management practice and research, and provide two complementary frameworks that highlight potential opportunities for building a research agenda in this area. The papers in this special issue are then discussed.

In this paper we describe an ontological model of pragmatic knowledge using an example from the domain of navigation that is based on the Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering and employs a specific ontological module called Descriptions & Situations. This framework establishes so-called ontological patterns. We employ such a pattern for modeling schematic knowledge of t...

The production of design-oriented knowledge cannot be dealt with fruitfully based on traditional epistemology. In this paper the concept of design artefacts is suggested as a possible backbone in a future design-oriented pragmatic epistemology. It is claimed that a general understanding of how design is mediated is a necessary first step in understanding the use and production of designoriented...