The goal of procedural modeling is to generate realistic content. The realism of this content is typically assessed by qualitatively evaluating a small number of results, or, less frequently, by conducting a user study. However, there is a lack of systematic treatment and understanding of what is considered realistic, both in procedural modeling and for images in general. We conduct a user stud...

The NRC is issuing this regulatory issue summary (RIS) to inform recipients of the status of the agency’s efforts to implement the requirements of Section 651(e) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) on “Treatment of Accelerator-Produced and Other Radioactive Material as Byproduct Material.” This RIS updates the information contained in RIS 2007-22, “Status Update for Implementation of NRC R...

When we build electronic cash systems, the main focus of the design is usually on preventing customers’ malicious actions. However, since authorities such as banks and certificate authorities may have important secret data of customers, the insiders in the potentially untrusted authorities can become threats to electronic cash systems. Miyazaki and Sakurai [2] first systematically analyzed secu...

The Indonesian Competition Supervisory Commission (ICSC) has the authority to investigate, prosecute, adjudicate, decide, and impose sanctions on business actors for violating competition law. It also establish procedural laws law enforcement procedures within its institution. This single role raises various issues in current context, including right a fair trial checks balances. article seeks ...

There is an emerging consensus both within the social scientific research community and more widely in public domain that expert authority “in trouble.” However, there much greater disagreement over scope scale of this trouble what it might mean for nature, status, significance 21st century. This paper identifies assesses three different narratives concerning crisis authority. These constitute ...

If an antitrust authority chooses an enforcement policy to maximize the number of successfully prosecuted cartels, when does that policy minimize the number of cartels that form? When the detection and prosecution of cartels is inherently difficult, we find that an antitrust authority’s policy minimizes the number of cartels, as is socially desirable. But when the detection and prosecution of c...

non-authority of “alidjma almadraki” (idjma with known origins) is a topic frequently raised in the usulis’ contemporary literature. in this paper, the authority of “alidjma almadraki” has been studied through revisiting this idjma since the introduction of idjma in general by shia scholars up to the present. the results of this study show that based on all foundations raised to prove the autho...

We explore enforcement spillovers when sanctions at one entity influence behavior at other entities. Our model illustrates when spillovers arise from a regulatory channel and when they arise from a channel not previously emphasized: product markets. Our model motivates empirically-refutable hypotheses, which we test using data from Clean Water Act manufacturers. We find that penalties create po...