Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) produce a chemical substance that is readily detected by and serves as an attractant for garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). This chemoattractant is sensed by the vomeronasal system of snakes. Amino acid analysis of the chemoattractant revealed a high hydroxyproline/proline ratio and large amounts of serine and threonine. More than one-third of the residues we...

Effect of drought stress induced by mannitol on secondary products in callus Golden Sunrise cherry tomatoes were studied vitro. Seeds irradiated with gamma at the doses (0, 20, or 40 Gy), and germinated Murashige Skoog, (MS) basal medium. Callus initiated from cotyledon leaf explants using a combination (2.0 kin + 2.0 IAA mg. l-1) then transferred into MS medium supplemented concentrations 40, ...

Sandal (Santalum album L) contains several interesting amino acids and amines which are not seen in other plants. This includes cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline in free form in leaves, flowers and seeds while trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in bound form. Traces of 3, 4 dehydroproline is also detected in sandal leaves. Biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy proline indicates that hydroxylation taken place at proline p...

The premise that a dietary dipeptide approach will improve the understanding of amino acid utilization in the fastest-growing vertebrate, the teleost fish, was tested by examining the muscle free amino acid (FAA) pool and enzyme activities, in concert with growth response, when dietary amino acids were provided in free, dipeptide or protein molecular forms. We present the first evidence in fish...

Amino acids originating from the diet are the principal metabolic fuels for the small intestine, and although the developing intestine is exposed to dramatic changes in the types and amounts of protein, there is little known about rates of amino acid absorption across the apical membrane during development. Therefore, rates of absorption were measured for five amino acids that are substrates fo...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of canning, different filling media (olive oil, corn sunflower oil and high oleic oil) storage on amino acid profile protein quality in swordfish. Glutamic acid, aspartic leucine are predominant acids raw swordfish, representing 35.62 % total acids. Thawing-salting caused significant losses methionine, glycine tyrosine. Frying moisture loss, resu...

Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17) belongs to a gene family of "orphan transporters" whose substrates and consequently functions remain unidentified. Although Rxt1/NTT4 was previously thought to function as a sodium-dependent plasma membrane transporter, recent studies localized the protein to synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Here, we provide evidence indicating that Rxt1/NTT4 functio...

Proline was first determined in 1901 by Fischer (2), who isolated copper Land nn-proline dihydrates from an ester fraction of an acid hydrolysate of casein. During the ensuing three decades proline was determined essentially by this procedure in the hydrolysates of more than 50 proteins by Fischer (1901-ll), Abderhalden (1902-36), Osborne (1906-ll), and other workers. That data of satisfactory ...

Proline accumulation in Escherichia coli is mediated by three proline porters. Proline catabolism is effected by proline porter I (PPI) and proline/delta 1-pyrroline carboxylate dehydrogenase. Proline did not accumulate cytoplasmically when E. coli was subjected to osmotic stress in minimal salts medium. Although PPI is induced when proline is provided as carbon or nitrogen source, its activity...