In Arabidopsis and other plants there are multiple calmodulin isoforms. However, the role of these isoforms in regulating the activity of target proteins is obscure. Here, we analyzed the interaction between a kinesin-like calmodulin-binding motor protein (Reddy, A. S. N., Safadi, F., Narasimhulu, S. B., Golovkin, M., and Hu, X. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7052-7060) and three calmodulin isoform...

The vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit protein composed of the cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis catalyzing V 1 complex, and integral membrane o , responsible for proton translocation. largest subunit a, enables translocation upon ATP hydrolysis, mediated by complex. Four known isoforms (a1–a4) are expressed in different cellular locations. Subunit a1 (also as a1)...

The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha in patients suffering from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Treatment of APL patients with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) reverses the disease phenotype by a process involving the degradation of the fusion protein via its PML moiety. Several PML isoforms are generated from a single PML gene by al...

Abstract Key message A total of 45 aquaporins was identified in Fagus sylvatica , 35 which were differentially expressed spring and summer the leaves, phloem xylem 11-year-old trees. European beech ( ) has been widely studied terms its water relations local adaptation. However, to date, underlying basis conferring adaptation differences availability are unknown. Therefore, we examined expressio...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite evidence neurogenesis post-TBI, survival integration newborn neurons remains impaired. High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) an ‘alarmin’ released hyper-acutely following TBI implicated in hosting neuro-inflammatory response to injury. It also instrumental mediating under physiological c...

Abstract Neutrophils play central roles in immunity and inflammation. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the cornerstone of anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive therapy. While GCs trigger an acute rise circulating neutrophils, little is known about mechanisms by which modulate neutrophil biology. We studied response 9 primary human cells to vitro treatment with GCs. Surprisingly, neutrophils were transcr...

Polyphenoloxidase was purified from chloroplasts of broad bean leaves (Vicia faba L.) to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme was composed of two proteins with an apparent mass of 65 and 68 kilodaltons after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated enzyme contained covalently attached carbohydrates and bound concanavalin A, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, and Ri...

Seed storage proteins of plants commonly comprise several groups of multiple isoforms encoded by gene families. From about 300 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones in maturing jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes, gene families encoding precursor polypeptides of two storage protein classes, including six 11S globulin isoforms and two 2S albumin isoforms, were identified. Complete sequence...

Membrane organization describes the orientation of a protein with respect to the membrane and can be determined by the presence, or absence, and organization within the protein sequence of two features: endoplasmic reticulum signal peptides and alpha-helical transmembrane domains. These features allow protein sequences to be classified into one of five membrane organization categories: soluble ...