The reduction of aldehydes by flavohydroquinone to yield the corresponding alcohols and flavoquinone is reported and discussed in view of its relevance to the mechanism of flavin-dependent dehydrogenation and carbonyl activation. With formaldehyde and flavohydroquinone formation of a covalent 5(HO — CH2)Fl red~ intermediate species is observed. In a reverse reaction 5-methylflavoquinonium catio...

Prior results show that most bounded query hierarchies cannot contain finite gaps. For example, it is known that PSAT (m+1)-tt = PSAT m-tt ) PSAT btt = PSAT m-tt and for all sets A FPA(m+1)-tt = FPAm-tt ) FPAbtt = FPAm-tt PA(m+1)-T = PAm-T ) PAbT = PAm-T FPA(m+1)-T = FPAm-T ) FPAbT = FPAm-T where PAm-tt is the set of languages computable by polynomial-time Turing machines that make m nonadaptiv...

In this paper, we prove that (first-order) cons-free term rewriting with a call-by-value reduction strategy exactly characterises the class of PTIME-computable functions. We use this to give an alternative proof of the result by Carvalho and Simonsen which states that cons-free term rewriting with linearity constraints characterises this class.

epilepsy is neurological disorders that afflict many people around the world with a higher prevalence rate in children and in low income countries. temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) is result from hippocampal sclerosis is a neurological disorder with difficult treatment. stem cells can transform into any type of cells such as glial cells, consequently stem cells can use for medical treatment. stem c...

1. p-centers 1 1.1. Notation 1 1.2. Frobenius twist for symplectic varieties 1 1.3. Differential operators 2 1.4. Universal enveloping algebras 2 2. Classical Hamiltonian reduction 2 2.1. GIT in positive characteristic 2 2.2. Frobenius kernel 3 2.3. Hamiltonian actions and reduction 4 3. Frobenius constant quantizations 4 3.1. Definition 4 3.2. Quantum Hamiltonian reduction 5 4. Quantization of...

In this paper, we study the behaviour of Hilbert-Kunz multiplicities (abbreviated henceforth to HK multiplicities) of the reductions to positive characteristics of an irreducible projective curve in characteristic 0. For instance, consider the following question. Let f be a nonzero irreducible homogeneous element in the polynomial ring Z[X1, X2, . . . , Xr], and for any prime number p ∈ Z, let ...