This paper presents a new mathematical model for a redundancyallocation problem (RAP) withcold-standby redundancy strategy and multiple component choices.The applications of the proposed model arecommon in electrical power, transformation,telecommunication systems,etc.Manystudies have concentrated onone type of time-to-failure, butin thispaper, two components of time-to-failures which follow hy...

One characteristic of biological organisms that is desirable in engineering systems is the ability to tolerate faults in their components. Fault tolerance in artificial cellular systems is generally achieved by either timeredundancy or hardware-redundancy. In hardware redundancy spare cells are introduced so that when an active cell fails, a spare substitutes it. In the embryonic hardware archi...

In this paper, optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using Global Positioning System (GPS) is discussed. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used for this problem. Pheromone evaporation coefficient and the probability of moving from state x to state y by ant are introduced into the ACO. The modifi...

The various multipath routing wireless sensor networks uses multipath routing to answer user queries in the presence of defective and malicious nodes. The fixed method uses a novel probability model to analyze the best redundancy level in terms of path redundancy (mp) and source redundancy (ms), as well as the best interruption detection settings in terms of the number of voters (m) under which...

The redundancy allocation problem is formulated minimizing the design cost for a series-parallel system with multiple component choices while ensuring a given system reliability level. The obtained model is a nonlinear integer programming problem with a nonlinear, nonseparable constraint. We propose a method based on the construction of a test set of an integer linear problem, which allows us t...

In this paper, we investigate the optimum way to allocate redundancy of finite-length nested codes for modern nonvolatile memories suffering from both permanent defects and transient errors (erasures or random errors). A nested coding approach such as partitioned codes can handle both permanent defects and transient errors by using two parts of redundancy: 1) redundancy to deal with permanent d...