A new surveying system using a laser and a CCD camera with image processing has been developed to align magnets on a 5 m-long girder to an accuracy of 10 l.trn. A spacial filter with a pinhole and a collimator are used to make a parallel gaussian beam. In order to stabilize the laser axis, the heat capacity of the laser was made larger to reduce the influence of the fluctuation in the room temp...

We present a single crystalline silicon optical phased array using high-contrast-gratings (HCG) for fast two dimensional beamforming and beamsteering at 0.5 MHz. Since there are various applications for beamforming and beamsteering such as 3D imaging, optical communications, and light detection and ranging (LIDAR), it is great interest to develop ultrafast optical phased arrays. However, the be...

Enhancing the short-term force precision of atomic force microscopy (AFM) while maintaining excellent long-term force stability would result in improved performance across multiple AFM modalities, including single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). SMFS is a powerful method to probe the nanometer-scale dynamics and energetics of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). The folding and unfolding ...

Recently, there is a need for fostering the critical reflective side of L2 teacher education. This study investigated the implications of personal narrative (PN) and reflective journal (RJ) writing for Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective writing. Sixty (36 women and 24 men) in-service secondary school EFL teachers were selected based on the convenience sampling from Iran. L2 teachers equally divid...

The silicon PIN photodiodes were designed and fabricated in the conventional bipolar planar technology by using novel methods to reduce the leakage current. The new process steps like gettering, oxide stacking fault removing, ion implantation with suitable masking and improving shallow junction technology were implemented to fabricate PIN photodiodes of different active area such as 1 mm × 1 mm...

This study reports a high-resolution hard-mask laser writing technique to facilitate the selective etching of crystalline silicon (c-Si) into an inverted-pyramidal texture with feature size and periodicity on the order of the wavelength which, thus, provides for both anti-reflection and effective light-trapping of infrared and visible light. The process also enables engineered positional placem...

Brownian motion of the coating layers on a test mass is one of the limiting noise sources for high precision measurements such as gravitational-wave detection [1] or cold damping experiments [2]. Thermal noise is also the most significant source of the environmental decoherence that prevents us to observe quantum behavior of a macroscopic object [3]. Reduction of classical noise is a key for va...

The abrasion resistance of coated glass surfaces is an important parameter for judging lifetime performance, but practical testing procedures remain overly simplistic and do often not allow for direct conclusions on real-world degradation. Here, we combine quantitative two-dimensional image analysis and mechanical abrasion into a facile tool for probing the abrasion resistance of anti-reflectiv...

while many international organisations have independent evaluations, including the international monetary fund (imf) and world health organization (who), uniquely the world bank in its 2015 world development report sought to ascertain the potential biases that influence how its staff interpret evidence and influence policy. here, we describe the world bank’s study design, including experiments ...

Environmental stability studies for thin-film coating materials employed on the upgraded OMEGA laser system are essential for defining acceptable air humidity levels and their control, as well as for facilitating proper thin-film coating design of long-term-use OMEGA laser optics. Moisture penetration into porous, dielectric thin-film coatings causes generally undesirable changes in the film's ...