tolterodine tartrate, is a new, potent and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of urge incontinence and other symptoms of unstable bladder. the purpose of this study is to establish a reliable and quick method for the assignment of tolterodine tartrate by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (hplc-uv). a rapid and sen...

Background: Vascular dementia is one of the most common forms of dementia. At now, there is no treatment available to cure vascular dementia or to alter its clinical course. Some studies suggest that some drugs may be useful in controlling symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine and galantamine on mean flow velocity and ...

In-vivo metabolic measures with positron emission tomography using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) have demonstrated hypometabolism in temporal, frontal, and hippocampal areas during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progression of the dementia in AD involves compromised cholinergic functioning. Cholinesterase inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognition and behav...

Recent reviews highlight a longstanding controversy about how different taste qualities are coded in the CNS. To address this issue, we have analyzed gustatory coding in the relatively simple and accessible nervous system of the locust, in which neural responses and gustatory elicited behavior are readily comparable. The intracellular responses of a population of spiking local interneurons in t...

Nanotechnology mediated drug delivery has been reported to enhance the drug efficacy, bioavailability, reduce toxicity and improve patient compliance by targeting the cells and tissues to produce desired pharmacological action. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to formulate and evaluate rivastigmine loaded chitosan nanoparticles for sustained release. Methods: Rivastigmine is a short ac...

In patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), the efficacy and safety of rivastigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, were previously demonstrated in a 24-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Our objective was to determine whether benefits were sustained over the long term. Following the double-blind trial, all patients were permitte...

Rivastigmine, an anti-Alzheimer’s drug, is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate dementia. Oral immediate release (IR) formulation suffers from limitation like severe GI adverse effects which may even result in treatment interruption, like vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia resulting in wide fluctuations in drug plasma levels and calling for altered frequency of dosing. Even the Novel Dru...