Papillary tumors of the bile ducts are intraductal tumors with numerous minute frondlike papillary projections. Some intraductal papillary tumors of the bile ducts produce a large amount of mucin that disturbs bile flow and causes severe biliary dilatation. In the presence of a tumor of this subgroup, the entire biliary tree is dilated; segmental or lobar bile ducts are dilated disproportionate...

Past activity of geomorphic processes can be reconstructed on tree-ring series using the presence of injuries, reaction wood or abrupt changes in the annual increment. The analysis of these features provides valuable data on years with process activity. In contrast, an intra-annual dating has so far normally only been possible through the analysis of injuries. In this technical note, it is show...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of manual polishing over autoglazed and overglazed porcelain and their effect on plaque accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six porcelain discs were fabricated out of which 18 each was subjected for autoglazing and overglazing. Half surface of the discs was left intact; the remaining half was roughened with medium grit diamon...

The velocity field and the instability of the flow in a rotating square duct were investigated. The velocity profiles were obtained for Ekman numbers less than 1/16 by combining a linear Stewartson layer solution, a non-linear Ekman layer solution and a local similarity assumption. The transition of the secondary-flow pattern from one pair of vortices to two pairs of vortices was studied with t...

Micro/nano (two-tier) structures are often employed to achieve superhydrophobicity. In condensation, utilizing such a surface is not necessarily advantageous because the macroscopically observed Cassie droplets are usually in fact partial Wenzel in condensation. The increase in contact angle through introducing microstructures on such two-tier roughened surfaces may result in an increase in dro...