We employ ratio-based, deterministic, and stochastic frontier approaches to investigate fuel efficiency among 15 large jet operators (mainline airlines) in the U.S. Given the hub-andspoke routing structure and the consequent affiliation between mainline and regional carriers, we consider not only fuel efficiency of individual mainline airlines, but also the joint efficiency of each mainline and...

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is an emerging wireless technology for various futuristic applications like video on demand, healthcare systems, disaster and emergency, modern intelligent transport systems, public security systems, broadband internet for home and campus networking. Routing is an important factor for forwarding a data packet from source node to destination node.Wireless routing is t...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) developed rapidly in the last decade which is widely used to improve safety and traffic efficiency. VANET is an active research, standardization and development area due to its potential to improve vehicle and road safety, traffic efficiency, and convenience keeping in mind drivers and passengers comfort. Though VANETs geographic routing was recently emphasize...

The efficiency of traffic routing on complex networks can be reflected by two key measurements, i.e., the network capacity and the average travel time of data packets. In this paper we propose a mixing routing strategy by integrating local static and dynamic information for enhancing the efficiency of traffic on scale-free networks. The strategy is governed by a single parameter. Simulation res...

One of the important aspects of MANET is the restraint of quantity of available energy in the network nodes that is the most critical factor in the operation of these networks. The tremendous amount of energy using the mobile nodes in wireless communication medium makes Energy Efficiency a fundamental requirement for mobile ad hoc networks. The cluster-based routing protocols are investigated i...

MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network) is a self organizing and self configuring network without the need of any centralized base station. In MANETs, the nodes are mobile and battery operated. As the nodes have limited battery resources and multi hop routes are used over a changing network environment due to node mobility, it requires energy efficient routing protocols to limit the power consumption, pro...

Energy efficiency is the most important issue in research of wireless sensor networks while the routing protocol plays an import role in achieving energy efficiency in WSN. In this paper, the deficiencies of LEACH are analyzed and an improved cluster-based energy efficient routing algorithm called ECHC is proposed. An election weight taking account of the residual energy and concentration of no...

Due to their minimum consideration to an actual network topology, the existing peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks will lead to high latency and low efficiency. In TaChord, we present a study of topology-aware routing approaches in P2P overlays, and present an improved design in Chord. We evaluate TaChord and other algorithms by physical hops, interdomain-adjusted latency, and aggregate bandwid...

Interval routing is a space-efficient routing method for computer networks. The method is said to be optimal if it can generate optimal routing paths for any source-destination node pair. A path is optimal if it is a shortest path between the two nodes involved. A seminal result (The Computer Journal, 34 (1991), 475–476) in the area, however, has pointed out that “the interval routing algorithm...