small, isolated, and often fiercely independent communities and businesses. In the 19th century, rural towns represented the nation’s frontier, where independence amidst isolation was critical to economic survival. Rural people plowed, mined, and ranched their way to self-sufficiency. In the 20th century, each community found a narrower economic niche to orient its limited resources and compete...

Background and Objective: As the most important human food source, milk and dairy products may lead to infectious diseases due to non-compliance with health standards. Brucellosis is one of the critical zoonotic diseases that affect the human population. Humans are usually infected by Brucella spp. via contaminated milk and dairy products and direct contact with infected animals. Methods: This...

This descriptive analytical survey was aimed to study the negative impacts of mine exploitations carried out in the rural regions of the Tekab Township located in Iran. The statistical population of the studied areas consisted of all the heads of the rural households in the villages located in the vicinity of the mines in the Tekab Township (N=2680). According to the Cochran formula, a sample s...

BACKGROUND Most cardiovascular diseases occur in low- and middle-income regions of the world, but the socioeconomic distribution within China remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate whether the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases differs among high-, middle-, and low-income regions of China and to explore the reasons for the disparities. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 46 285 individ...

the level of ecomomic (income or expenditure) inequality in khorasan province has been unknown. this paper tries to estimate and compare the trends of expenditure (income) inequality in khorasan province and the whole iran during 1971-2001 in two categories of urban and rural regions. for this purpose, inequality indices (gini coefficient and income deciles) were estimated parametrically. the r...

Data on the variant’s spread in India make researchers fearful for areas developing nations that lack health care and vaccines.