in this paper energy bands and berry curvature of graphene was studied. desired hamiltonian regarding the next-nearest neighbors obtained by tight binding model. by using the second quantization approach, the transformation matrix is calculated and the hamiltonian of system is diagonalized. with this hamiltonian, the band structure and wave function can be calculated. by using calculated wave f...

In this article, the second quantization method has been used to investigate some thermodynamic properties of spin-polarized metallic nanowire in the presence of magnetic field at zero temperature. We have been observed that in different magnetic field, the equilibrium energy of system increases as the density increases. The spin-polarization parameter corresponding to the equilibrium state of ...

With the popularity of the Internet and development of multimedia technology, media distribution and traitor tracing issues have become critical and urgent. In this paper, a joint fingerprinting and decryption (JFD) scheme based on vector quantization is proposed with the purpose of protecting media distribution. The proposed JFD scheme is equipped with two encryption techniques, which are perf...

The path integral formulation in quantum mechanics corresponds to the first quantization since it is just to rewrite the quantum mechanical amplitude into many dimensional integrations over discretized coordinates xn. However, the path integral expression cannot be connected to the dynamics of classical mechanics, even though, superficially, there is some similarity between them. Further, the f...

Canonical quantization has taught us great things. A common example is that of the harmonic oscillator, which like swinging a ball on string back and forth. However, half-harmonic oscillator blocks at bottom then it quickly bounces backwards. This second model cannot be correctly solved using canonical quantization. Now, there an expansion quantization, called affine can solve offers correct so...