Pipelines are regarded as the lifelines of national economy most oil producing countries. This is because these pipelines which cover thousands kilometers used to transport large volumes refined and unrefined petroleum products, crude natural gas. These often come under terrorist attacks vandalism can lead pollution problems, theft contents pipeline huge economic loss. In view this, it very nec...

security has two dimensions of subjective (security feeling) and objective. there are preconditions for security feeling in society that one of the preconditions, the existence of security in the society. these levels are linked together and the interaction between these two levels of objective and subjective that security in the society is achieved.therefore, in this article we have tried to e...

the “driving force - pressure - state - impact – response” modeling framework isadopted to consider the formation mechanisms of environmental risks and the requirements ofecological environment protection. moreover, a systematical index system and evaluation model forthe measurement of the coastal ecological security level is put forward in this paper to assess thestate of coastal ecological en...

Modern Critical infrastructures have command and control systems. These command and control systems are commonly called supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). In the past, SCADA system has a closed operational environment, so these systems were designed without security functionality. Nowadays, as a demand for connecting the SCADA system to the open network growths, the study of SCAD...

 The present study aimed at investigating the physical security dimensions affecting the security of volleyball stadiums in Iran. The study employed a descriptive-exploratory research method conducted on 115 managers and officials in volleyball stadiums, presidents and experts of Provincial Volleyball Boards as well as experts in the field of sports facilities and events as wel...