Context Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic problem among small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. However, the pathological mechanism and insulin/ insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis in neonates remain unknown. Objective To determine the insulin/IGF axis in neonates, we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of insulin/IGF signaling in fetal umbilical cord blood. S...

BACKGROUND Small- and large-for-gestational-age (SGA, LGA) newborns are associated with metabolic syndrome in their later life. Cord blood C-peptide, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipids levels may be altered in SGA and LGA newborns; however, the results are conflicting. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of cord blood markers on SGA and LGA newborns. MATERIAL...

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) were developed to make treatment easier, improve adherence, and/or signal the clinician when nonadherence occurs. Second-generation antipsychotic LAIs (SGA-LAIs) combine the advantages of SGA with a long-acting formulation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature concerning the impact of SGA-LAIs on patient functioning and ...

We consider a system that both ends of a charged open string are attached on the Dpbrane with constant electromagnetic fields. Contrary to neutral strings, the quantization of charged strings has not been so far considered well. For this system we construct the spectrum-generating algebra (SGA), which involves the cyclotron frequency. When the cyclotron frequency is set to be zero, the SGA is r...

In this paper two approaches of genetic algorithm for feature subset selection are compared. The first approach considers a simple genetic algorithm (SGA) while the second one takes into account an iterative genetic algorithm (IGA) which is claimed to converge faster than SGA. Initially, we present an overview of the system to be optimized and the methodology applied in the experiments as well....

INTRODUCTION Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is currently considered superior to supraglottic airway devices (SGA) for survival and other outcomes among adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to determine if the research supports this conclusion by conducting a systematic review. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL databases for studies publishe...

We investigated the association between maternal zinc level during pregnancy and the risks of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in a large population-based birth cohort study. In this study, 3187 pregnant women were recruited. For serum zinc level, 2940 pregnant women were sufficient (≥56 μg/dL) and 247 deficient (<56 μg/dL). Of interest, 7.3% newborns were with...

Objective  The retroviral genes encoding Syncytin-1 ( SYN1 ) and Syncytin-2 ( SYN2 ) are epigenetically regulated, uniquely expressed in the placenta and critical to placental function. We sought to determine if placental expression and methylation patterns of SYN1 and SYN2 from pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) differed from physiologic small for gestational age (SGA) a...

Data from 55 preterm SGA infants and 55 preterm AGA infants matched for gestational age and sex were reviewed retrospectively. An increased incidence of perinatal hypoxia (30 vs. 18), gastrointestinal problems, minor infections (27 vs. 9), hematological problems and increased mortality (21.8% vs. 7.2%) was observed in the SGA infants. The incidence of HMD was higher in the AGA group (not signif...