International data suggest that for-profit nursing homes tend to provide lower quality than not-for-profit nursing homes. In Germany, the relationships between profit orientation, price and quality of nursing homes have not been investigated. We performed an observational study using secondary data from statutory quality audits of all nursing homes in Germany. The relationships were analyzed bi...

Virtual power plant (VPP) can be studied to investigate how energy is purchased or sold in the presence of electricity market price uncertainty. The VPP uses different intermittent distributed sources such as wind turbine, flexible loads, and locational marginal prices (LMPs) in order to obtain profit. VPP should propose bidding/offering curves to buy/sell from/to day-ahead market. In this pape...

Search engines incur shadow costs whenever an advertisement negatively affects user experiences, which damages the search engine’s long-run revenue. We characterize the optimal mechanism for keyword advertising in a general framework that accommodates clickthrough rates and shadow costs that can differ across advertisers and positions. We show that shadow costs significantly affect how advertis...

This study estimates the environmental efficiency of international listed firms in 10 worldwide sectors from 2007 to 2013 by applying an order-m method, a non-parametric approach based on free disposal hull with subsampling bootstrapping. Using a conventional output of gross profit and two conventional inputs of labor and capital, this study examines the order-m environmental efficiency account...

In this study, yield-water and profit function was used to obtain water demand function in agriculture sector. The results showed that the ratio of actual to potential Evapotranspiration had positive, significant effecton the ratio of actual to potential yield for wheat and barley. Also, square ratio of actual to potential Evapotranspiration had negative, significant relationship. After estimat...

Bertola/Caballero (1994) and Abel/Eberly (1996) extended Jorgenson’s classical model of …rms’optimal investment. By introducing investment frictions, they were able to capture the role of future anticipations in investment decisions as well as the lumpy and intermittent nature of investment dynamics. We extend Jorgenson’s model to the other direction of …nancing frictions. We construct a model ...

“Recessions are easily recognizable from a decrease in GDP. What really should interest us, however, is the difference between the potential of an economy and its actual performance” said Stiglitz in 2002. In the literature two approaches of productivity and efficiency analysis can be found, namely neoclassical approach and a frontier approach know as data envelopment analysis (DEA). Under neoc...

Congestion Pricing is a strategy based on a mathematical framework from optimization theory and economics. A congestion measure (shadow price) is computed at each network node and fed back to the sources. The sources adapt their rates according to a utility function and the aggregate price information. It can be shown that this will lead to a social optimum of the entire network while maintaini...

The purpose of this paper is to present some results about the determinants of book-loans from local public libraries in Norway. The investigation is based on quasi-demand functions where travel time, as an indicator of the shadow price of book-loans, average personal income, information on the book stock, and on other media available at the library, are main explanatory variables. We use panel...