Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document provides encapsula...

Recent standards proposals have focused on extending IP-based MPLS protocols to optical networks. These proposals have concentrated on provisioning optical connections. However, a key expectation of the optical network is that it will offer fast restoration capability, competitive in performance to SONET rings. To meet this expectation, there are key features that need to be added to the curren...

SONET/WDM networks using wavelength add–drop multiplexing can be constructed using certain graph decompositions used to form a “grooming,” consisting of unions of certain primitive rings. The existence of such decompositions when every pair of sites employs no more than 8 of the wavelength capacity is determined, with few possible exceptions, when the ring size is a multiple of four. The techni...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) suite of protocols has been defined to control different switching technologies as well as different applications. These include support for requesting TDM connections including Synchron...

Combinatorial optimization problems are abundant in the telecommunications industry. In this paper, we present four real-world telecommunications applications where combinatorial optimization plays a major role. The first problem concerns the optimal location of modem pools for an internet service provider. The second problem deals with the optimal routing of permanent virtual circuits for a fr...

This document specifies the mapping and notification of defect states between a pseudowire (PW) and the Attachment Circuits (ACs) of the end-to-end emulated service. It standardizes the behavior of Provider Edges (PEs) with respect to PW and AC defects. It addresses ATM, Frame Relay, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), and Synchronous Optical Network / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) PW...

This document describes a historical method for encapsulating Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) Path signals for transport across packet-switched networks (PSNs). The PSNs explicitly supported by this document include MPLS and IP. Note that RFC 4842 describes the standards-track protocol for this functionality, and new implementations must use RFC 4842 rather...

This document describes a historical method for encapsulating Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) Path signals for transport across packet-switched networks (PSNs). The PSNs explicitly supported by this document include MPLS and IP. Note that RFC 4842 describes the standards-track protocol for this functionality, and new implementations must use RFC 4842 rather...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) suite of protocols has been defined to control different switching technologies as well as different applications. These include support for requesting TDM connections including Synchron...

Moore’s Law is a commonly accepted empirical relation that predicts the operating speed of an integrated circuits will double every 18 months. However, as the operating speed and functionality increases, the need to move data onto and off of the processor is increasing at a comparable rate, which is quantified using another empirical relation known as Rent’s Rule. Unfortunately, Rent’s rule sta...