This article discusses Ethernet over PDH over SONET/SDH (EoPoS), EoPDH, and Ethernet over SONET/SDH. The emergence in the 1990s and the history of Next-Generation SONET/SDH (NGS) equipment are described. The article explains that NGS could not provide ubiquitous interoperability with legacy systems, and thus was not universally implemented. Finally, today's emerging technology, Ethernet over PD...

This report describes our work detailing the operation and performance of TCP-based transport protocols (Reno, BIC, and CTCP) on “Layer-1” circuits, in which a Gigabit Ethernet port on an end host has been directly mapped to a SONET circuit of lower rate (e.g., a 155 Mbps OC3). The switch uses IEEE 802.3x flow control to prevent the sender from overwhelming the switch’s buffer. Current equipmen...

It took roughly 10 years for the transport network industry to migrate from PDH to SONET. As this technology swap comes to an end, WDM technology is dawning, promising to revolutionize the network industry, with the possibility of transport bit rates above 10 Gb/s as well as transparency to signal encodings. However, a new wave of equipment upgrade is unlikely to happen as current SONET equipme...

SONET is a standard for fiber-optics equipment. At Bellcore we have developed PHOTON, a research prototype software system for simulating a subset of SONET. PHOTON is intended to analyze interoperability, i.e. the ability of SONET equipment from different manufacturers to work with one another. This paper describes the implementation of PHOTON. The implementation was done using DMOD, a formaliz...

Gigabit Earth Stations (GESs) are under development for the ARPA-NASA Gigabit Satellite Network using NASA's Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). The GESs will be equipped with SONET OC-3/3c (155.54 Mb/s) and SONET OC-12/12c (622.08 Mb/s) user interfaces. Through these interfaces SONET/ATM experimenters will be able to establish long-haul point-topoint and point-to-multipoint fu...

In this paper, we propose a scheme for implementing multiparty videoconferencing service on SONET/ATM rings. We focus on the architectural design and bandwidth demand analysis. Different multicasting methods on SONET/ATM rings are discussed and compared. A new multicast virtual path (VP) called “Multidrop VP” which is particularly suitable for SONET/ATM rings is proposed. An add-drop multiplexe...

SONET technology has made high-speed self-healing ring (SHR) architectures practical and economical for use in intra-LATA telecommunication networks. This paper reviews a class of SONET SHR architectures and their control schemes. The SHR architectures can be divided into two basic classes: bi-directional SHRs (B-SHRs) and uni-directional SHRs (U-SHRs). Bidirectional SHRs using four fibers and ...

The Gigabit Satellite Network, a project jointly sponsored by ARPA and NASA, will provide longhaul STS-3 (155.54 Mb/s) and STS-12 (622.08 Mb/s) pointto-point and point-to-multipoint full-duplex services over NASA's Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS). Data multiplexing over the satellite will be accomplished using TDMA techniques coordinated with the switching and beam hopping f...