abstractbackground and objectives: considering progressive growth of industry and technology, the accumulation of environmental contaminants, especially heavy metals (hms) in the soil is of increasing worldwide concern about the probable soil pollution risks. the perception of pollutants spatial distribution pattern and recognition of factors which control this pattern and identification of pro...

This paper presents a study of the relationship between city elements, as defined by Lynch, and the spatial descriptors commonly used in space syntax research, leading to a proposed relationship between the hitherto unrelated concepts of intelligibility and imageability. The paper starts by demonstrating how each of Lynch’s five city elements (the node, path, district, edge and landmark) may be...

Rats learn the spatial pattern in which hidden caches of food are located. Once the pattern is learned, finding one or more baited locations provides (positive) information about the remaining baited locations. In the present experiment, we examined whether negative information (the absence of food in a location) would also be used in locating the remaining baited locations. Rats were tested in...

In this study, I compared the physical elements of two Indonesian traditional houses between a Kaili tribe (Central Sulawesi) and a Bugis-Makassar tribe (South Sulawesi). If we viewed of the name, meaning and function from both traditional houses have similarities, namely the Souraja/Saoraja house (House of the King), however, observed more detail the physical elements of architecture also show...

The SM50 gene encodes a minor matrix protein of the sea urchin embryo spicule. We carried out a detailed functional analysis of a cis-regulatory region of this gene, extending 440 bp upstream and 120 bp downstream of the transcription start site, that had been shown earlier to confer accurate skeletogenic expression of an injected expression vector. The distal portion of this fragment contains ...

We report a new type of illusory contour (Illusory-O) whose formation is contingent upon the contrast polarity of its juxtaposed inducing elements being similar, i.e. both elements must either be positive or negative in contrast sign. To test the hypothesis that this contingency is primarily dictated by factors that determine amodal surface completion (occlusion) between the inducing elements w...

Seven experiments examined the role of spatial attention in apprehending spatial relations above, below, left, and right. In Experiment 1, visual search was difficult when targets differed from distractors only in the spatial relation between their elements. Reaction time increased linearly with display size with a slope greater than 60 ms/item. In Experiment 2, search was easy (the slope was f...