Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in multiple functions including attentional , spatial orientation, short and long-term memory. Our previous study indicated that microinjection of testosterone in CA1 impaired spatial learning and memory. Some evidence suggests that impairment effect of testosterone is mediated by GABAergic system. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of test...

introduction: a large body of evidence points to oxidative stress as prime candidate mediating the behavioral impairments and memory deficits in alzheimer's disease (ad). it has been demonstrated that hyperoxia preconditioning activates complex endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms including an increase in capacity of antioxidant defence mechanisms. the aim of this study was to investigate...

Background: The effect of ovariectomy and accompanying sudden loss of circulating gonad hormones on spatial learning performance in the young adult rats was examined. We hypothesized that spatial learning and memory in a considerable number of women who undergo a surgical menopause and estrogen deprivation before their natural menopause be impaired. Methods: In this study, we used 26 Wistar ra...

Introduction: Ecstasy is an amphetamine derivative, which its use has been consistently increasing over the past years. Ecstasy interacts with the glutamatergic system and it is known that glutamate receptors have a key role in learning and memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of ecstasy and glutamatergic system on learning and memory. Methods: Fifty-six male Wis...

in recent years, the effects of exercise on nervous system, spatial memory andmotor function in the senescence period have received the attention of researchers.as the age increases, some functions of nervous system such as spatial memory areweakened. thus, the effect of aerobic exercises including swimming and runningon learning, spatial memory and motor function was investigated in old rats. ...

Objective(s): There is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (METH) on spatial memory. We tested the time- dependent effects of METH on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in METH –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the Morris water maze. Materials and Methods: Rats were sensitized to METH (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, SC). Rats were trained in water maze ...

Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that in the long-term is accompanied with deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive skills. Due to the existing evidence regarding the anti-diabetic potential of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), the effect of its long-term administration on learning and spatial memory deficits was investigated in diabetic rats. Methods: In this exp...

there is strong evidence that two cerebral hemispheres are differentially involved in emotional memory and that amygdala is a key subcortical structure for emotional experience. the present research investigated the possible involvement of lateralization of basolateral amygdala (bla) and central amygdala (cea) in place avoidance memory. for this purpose, male long-evans rats (280-320 g) were im...