The association between a binary variable Y and a variable X having an at least ordinal measurement scale might be examined by selecting a cutpoint in the range of X and then performing an association test for the obtained 2 x 2 contingency table using the chi-square statistic. The distribution of the maximally selected chi-square statistic (i.e. the maximal chi-square statistic over all possib...

A single target is hidden at a location chosen from a predetermined probability distribution. Then, a searcher must find a second probability distribution from which random search points are sampled such that the target is found in the minimum number of trials. Here it will be shown that if the searcher must get very close to the target to find it, then the best search distribution is proportio...

This paper addresses the problem of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It also introduces a new PAPR reduction technique based on adaptive square-rooting (SQRT) companding process. The SQRT process of the proposed technique changes the statistical characteristics of the OFDM output signals from Rayleigh distribution to Gaussian-like ...

A fully 3D unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach coupled with heterogeneous reaction chemistry is presented in order to study the behavior of a single square channel as part of a Lean [Formula: see text] Traps. The reliability of the numerical tool has been validated against literature data considering only active BaO site. Even though the input/output performance of such catalys...

In many applications of generalized linear mixed models to clustered correlated or longitudinal data, often we are interested in testing whether a random effects variance component is zero. The usual asymptotic mixture of chi-square distributions of the score statistic for testing constrained variance components does not necessarily hold. In this paper, we propose and explore a parametric boots...

In this article, exact properties of the chi-square test, likelihood ratio test (LRT), Hoel’s test (1938), Nass’ test (1959), and an exact test, for testing the multinomial proportions, are investigated numerically. Numerical studies show that the size behavior of the chi-square test for the multinomial distribution with three or more cells is erratic only when the probabilities are at the boun...

We demonstrate high-efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on triplet multiple quantum well (MQW) structure and focus on the influence on WOLEDs through employing different potential barrier materials to form type-I and type-II MQWs, respectively. It is found that type-I MQW structure WOLEDs based on 1,3,5-tris(N-phenyl-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene as potential barrier layer ...

We study the correction-to-scaling exponents for the two-dimensional selfavoiding walk, using a combination of series-extrapolation and Monte Carlo methods. We enumerate all self-avoiding walks up to 59 steps on the square lattice, and up to 40 steps on the triangular lattice, measuring the mean-square end-to-end distance, the mean-square radius of gyration and the mean-square distance of a mon...