There are some alternative Cryptocurrency systems which claim that they are based on PoS are actually based on PoSTW which denotes the Proof of Stake(coin), Time(day) and Work(hashing), while the other pure PoS Cryptocurrency systems are actually centralized. In this paper we propose a new framework of Cryptocurrency system. The major parts what we have changed include, a fast transparent distr...

Why are some behaviors governed by strong social conventions while others are not? We experimentally investigate two factors contributing to the formation of conventions in a game of impure coordination: the continuity of interaction within each round of play (simultaneous vs. real-time) and the stakes of the interaction (high vs. low differences between payoffs). To maximize efficiency and fai...

Introductory level courses in many Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines require students to acquire an enormous new disciplinespecific vocabulary in preparation for future courses. Students are often not prepared for the amount of selfdirected studying they must do to be successful in these types of courses, particularly in their first year of college. To assist student...

STANDARDS and accountability policies have become increasingly popular strategies among school reformers. In 1984, South Carolina became the first state to introduce a school performance incentive program where schools are ranked on the basis of student test scores and top schools receive financial rewards (Clotfelter & Ladd,1996). Since then many states and districts have implemented policies,...

The transition from secondary to tertiary education varies country country. In many countries, school is concluded with high-stakes, national exams, or high-stakes entry tests are used for admissions education. other secondary-school grade point average (GPA) the determining factor. Netherlands, both play a role. With administrative data of close 180,000 students, we investigated whether exam s...

This study reports the impact of examining either with digital or paper-based tests in science subjects taught across secondary level. With our method, we compare percentile ranking scores two cohorts earned computer- and teacher-made assessments to find signals a testing mode effect. It was found that overall, at cohort gender levels, pupils were rank-ordered equivalently both modes. Furthermo...

PURPOSE Personal narratives are common in children's conversations, recommended as the appropriate genre for early writing by educators, and part of many high-stakes tests, possibly because they tend to be better formed than fictional narratives. However, current practice in the field of speech-language pathology employs fictional narratives in assessment, intervention, and study of children wi...