In most clinical and experimental studies, the standard deviation (SD) and the estimated standard error of the mean (SEM) are used to present the characteristics of sample data and to explain statistical analysis results. However, some authors occasionally muddle the distinctive usage between the SD and SEM in medical literature. Because the process of calculating the SD and SEM includes differ...

Reduced capacity to experience pleasure, also known as anhedonia, is a key feature of the depressive state and is associated with poor disease prognosis and treatment outcome. Various behavioral readouts (e.g., reduced sucrose intake) have been employed in animal models of depression as a measure of anhedonia. However, several aspects of anhedonia are poorly represented within the repertoire of...

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in total retinal blood flow (RBF) using Doppler Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (Doppler FD-OCT) in response to the manipulation of systemic partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2). Double circular Doppler blood flow scans were captured in nine healthy individuals (mean age ± standard deviation: 27.1 ± 4.1, six males) using the RTVue(™) ...

— Consider observations where random signals are randomly present or absent in independent and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). By using a recently established limit theorem, we introduce a new estimator for the estimation of the noise standard deviation when the signals are less present than absent and have unknown probability distributions. The bias, the consistency and the minimum attai...

INTRODUCTION The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has produced a guideline detailing how to determine the activated partial thromboplastin time's (APTT) sensitivity to clotting factor deficiencies, by mixing normal and deficient plasmas. Using the guideline, we determined the factor sensitivity of two APTT reagents. METHODS APTTs were performed using Actin FS and Actin FSL o...

Semidefinite programs (SDPs) are standard convex problems that frequently found in control and optimization applications. Interior-point methods can solve SDPs polynomial time up to arbitrary accuracy, but scale poorly as the size of matrix variables number constraints increases. To improve scalability, be approximated with lower upper bounds through use structured subsets (e.g., diagonally-dom...

a new fourier transform-infra red (ft-ir) spectrometric method was developed for assaying hydrochlorothiazide (hct) and enalapril maleate (enm) in binary solid pharmaceutical formulations. multivariate partial least squares (pls) method was used for calibration of derivative spectral data. acetonitrile was used as solvent due to its spectral transparency and adequate solubility of analytes in i...

The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, c22:6, n-3) is found at a level of about 50% in the phospholipids of neuronal tissue membranes and appears to be crucial to human health. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC, 16:0/16:0 PC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS) and the DHA containing 1-stearaoyl-2-docosahexenoyl phosphatidylserine (SDPS) were used to make DPPC...