homogenous charge compression ignition (hcci) engines hold promise of high fuel efficiency and low emission levels for future green vehicles. but in contrast to gasoline and diesel engines, hcci engines suffer from lack of having direct means to initiate combustion. a combustion timing controller with robust tracking performance is the key requirement to leverage hcci application in production ...

Porous media has interesting features in compared with free flame combustion due to the extended of the lean flammability limits and lower emissions. Advanced new generation of internal combustion (IC) engines are expected to have far better emissions levels both gaseous and particulate matter, at the same time having far lower fuel consumption on a wide range of operating condition. These c...

variety of energy–ecology optimizing means that optimum result of fuel combustion is focused not only on the direct efficiency of its usage but also on minimum environmental damage. best possible fuel combustion connected with controlled level of chemical underburn is considered to be one of the simpliest, cheapest and the most effective methods of optimizing. it is essential to notice that the...

There are several phenomenons for polluting the environment, especially in coalfields; which coal spontaneous combustion is one of them. The moisture content is one of the intrinsic characteristics of coal, which has an important role in the occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, this research predicts the coal spontaneous combustion tendency based on moisture content. The percentage of mois...

New combustion concepts developed in internal combustion engines such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) have attracted serious attention due to the possibilities to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions, which will impact the environment positively. The HCCI combustion concept has potential of ultra-low NOX and particulate matter (PM) emission in compariso...

Lean fueling of spark ignited (SI) engines is a valid method for increasing efficiency and reducing nitric oxide (NOx) emissions. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) allows better fuel economy with respect to the port-fuel injection configuration, through greater flexibility to load changes, reduced tendency to abnormal combustion, and reduction of pumping and heat losses. During homogenous charge ...

Abbreviations: aBDC, after bottomdead center; aTDC, aft bottomdead center; bTDC, before top dead center; CA50, cra fraction reaches to 50%; CI, compression ignition; COVime indicated mean effective pressure; DI, direct injection; DIS DOI, duration of injection (first DOI1, second DOI2); EGR, homogenous charge compression ignition; IMEP, indicat injection ratio; MPRR, maximum pressure rise rate;...

Combustion characteristics (Introduction) .................................................................................................... 1 Combustion fundamentals (What it is) ..................................................................................................... 1 What it is not ...................................................................................................