OBJECTIVE This article examines the impact of contracting health care provision to health care cooperatives in Costa Rica. METHODOLOGY The article uses a panel dataset on health care outputs in traditional clinics and cooperatives in Costa Rica from 1990-99. RESULTS Controlling for community socioeconomic characteristics, annual time trends and clinic complexity, the cooperatives conducted ...

The Millennium Village Project (MVP) was launched in 2005-6 in order to accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals in the poorest regions of rural Africa. A dozen clusters of villages around Africa have adopted bold and novel strategies to overcome poverty, hunger, and disease. Halfway through the ten-year project, the results are very exciting: agriculture production is up si...

Introduction Poverty eradication is one of the global challenges, and rural cooperatives provide an effective path to address smallholder households’ poverty. However, effect poverty reduction can show heterogeneity depending on economic capital, human social capital households. Methods Based comprehensive research data status 1,622 households in four provinces less developed regions western Ch...

although farmers’ psychological empower is a core prominent for development but classic development approaches emphasis on land, capital and human forces for development. however, the new development models are focusing on every single person development in a community. this approach is followed up under theme of empowerment which is developing by doing researches in different disciplines such ...

Abstract Supporting agricultural cooperatives might contribute to the livelihood improvement of many small‐scale farmers in developing countries. This research examines factors affecting internet use with a focus on female leadership, its effects cooperatives’ economic, social, and innovative performance, distributional economic performance. Our analysis relied data 3,512 collected 2021 from Vi...

correction of wrong practices or thoughts by the producer or the adoption of a new production technique shows the success of rural development studies. this study was conducted to assess the effect of integrated dairy farming project on the çakmak and ekinciler villages before and after implementing the european funded “integrated dairy cattle project” carried out by the diyarbakır commercial e...