The researchers collected a data set of consumer-directed print advertisements for antidepressant medications from three female-directed magazines, three male-directed magazines, and four common readership magazines published between 1997 and 2003. They evaluated these data for advertising techniques that enable drug advertisements to function as agents of medicalization. The investigators disc...

A categorical syllogism is a rule of inference, consisting of two premisses and one conclusion. Every premiss and conclusion consists of dual relationships between the objects M, P, S. Logicians usually use only true syllogisms for deductive reasoning. After predicate logic had superseded syllogisms in the 19th century, interest on the syllogistic system vanished. We have analysed the syllogist...

The article advocates a new approach to the Qur’an: To look at text as transcript of earliest community’s intervention into major debates its time. Rather than earlier textual traditions (“reception history”), particular burning theological questions that were en vogue in epistemic space Late Antiquity are identified essential trigger Qur’anic proclamations. Thus, new—Late Antique—perception ev...

Because of the limitations of classical silicon based computational technology, several alternatives to traditional method in form of unconventional computing have been proposed. In this paper we will focus on DNA computing which is showing the possibility of excellence for its massive parallelism, potential for information storage, speed and energy efficiency. In this paper we will describe ho...

Many problems, including algebraic cryptanalysis, can be transformed to a problem of solving a (large) system of sparse Boolean equations. In this article we study 2 algorithms that can be used to remove some redundancy from such a system: Agreeing, and Syllogism method. Combined with appropriate guessing strategies, these methods can be used to solve the whole system of equations. We show that...

Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) is an intelligent reasoning system, where intelligence means working and adapting with insu cient knowledge and resources. NARS uses a new form of term logic, or an extended syllogism, in which several types of uncertainties can be represented and processed, and in which deduction, induction, abduction, and revision are carried out in a uni ed format. The s...

We introduce a new formal logic, called equality propositional logic. It has two basic connectives, $boldsymbol{wedge}$ (conjunction) and $equiv$ (equivalence). Moreover, the $Rightarrow$ (implication) connective can be derived as $ARightarrow B:=(Aboldsymbol{wedge}B)equiv A$. We formulate the equality propositional logic and demonstrate that the resulting logic has reasonable properties such a...

Recent research on syllogistic reasoning suggests that the logical status (valid vs. invalid) of even difficult syllogisms can be intuitively detected via differences in conceptual fluency between logically valid and invalid syllogisms when participants are asked to rate how much they like a conclusion following from a syllogism (Morsanyi & Handley, 2012). These claims of an intuitive logic are...

O ne of the more pervasive features of our current poMtical culture is the "Nazificatiori" of one's political or ideological opponents. It seems scarcely a week goes by when some group isn't making a concerted effort to demonstrate v/hv its opposition bears more than a passing resemblance to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis. In an era that is increasingly characterized by absolutes, sweeping subjectiv...

The current study investigates the persuasive strategies and techniques used by King Abdullah II in his two speeches regarding covid 19 pandemic. It also aims to critically analyze these using critical discourse analysis. Moreover, it explore most least frequently employed speeches. data consists of delivered virtually at world economic forum. first speech is on 21st September 2020 second 28 Ja...