It is a commonplace in American political discourse that socialists are statists, zealous to resolve society’s ills through the intervention of activist government. To nineteenth-century European labor militant, however, this might come as surprise. The state, he saw it, was not there lend helping hand but repress, and gendarme military man, social worker, were its emblematic agents. Late twent...

Eliot goes on to discount the idea of innate limitation, but while she wrote in 1872, the leaders of European anthropometry were trying to measure "with scientific certitude" the inferiority of women. Anthropometry, or measurement of the human body, is not so fashionable a field these days, but it dominated the human sciences for much of the nineteenth century and remained popular until intelli...

Abstract Los Trasplantados [the Transplanted; the Uprooted] (1904) relates saga of Canalejas, a Hispanic American family that travels to France educate their children. With sole purpose entering ranks European aristocracy, they ultimately sacrifice one daughters by way marriage. The patriarch’s entrepreneurial vocation for social climbing, which served him well as he successfully rose into prov...

Abstract When the great nineteenth-century antiquarian James Savage disputed assumption that John Winthrop wrote A Short Story (London 1644), he was on to something, although evidence adduced incorrect. Taking as a starting point two facts about book-it is compilation of documents and bears numerous marks being an intentional text-this essay describes how came into suggests who may be "I" myste...

MARY P. WINSOR, Starfish, jellyfish, and the order of life. Issues in nineteenthcentury science, New Haven, Conn., and London, Yale University Press, 1976, 8vo, pp. [5 11], 228, illus., £10.50. Dr. Winsor examines closely the investigation in the early nineteenth century of what appeared at first to be examples of simple animal life. At this time affinities between species were widely accepted,...

This essay asks why the art of Alphonse Legros (1837–1911) remained inconspicuous in history past generation, when study nineteenth century played such a prominent role discipline. Legros's realist and politically committed practice is eminently suited to art‐historical methods that dominated period. He was an associate Courbet Whistler, his work attracted comment from Charles Baudelaire, Walte...

The Aerobee-Hi rocket , N ASA 4.07, obta ined vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere simultaneously by the Seddon OW propagation technique and b y an RF imp edance probe technique. The experimental goal was to assess the performa nce of t he RF probe against t he accurate values from the O'vV method . In the RF probe method, t he electron density N was deri ved from the dielectric...

Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826) made an extensive study of the heart that has been examined by historians in different ways, all inadequate, ranging from open ridicule to bemused indulgence.' Words like "wrong" or "less excellent" have been applied to his conclusions and he has been accused of leaving the study of heart disease in a hopeless "snarl".2 Usually this aspect of Laennec...

place them under one roof (as in Celle, though it is true they were divided from each other). He also tells how, in Saxony, it was seriously suggested in the early eighteenth century that lunatics should be shipped to the Venetian galleys or alternatively to British and Dutch colonies; and how either sheer fear of the insane, or a plain inability to cope with them, prevented the Mayor of Frankf...