among british playwrights , george bernard shaw is a dramatist who envisages the hermeneutics o f history with a m ore challenging perspective w hich approximates him to a modern o utlook. i n this regard, he manages to attune his philosophy of history ( best exposed in a 1923 p lay by t he name of s aint joan ) with the idea of f . w . hegel, t he nineteenth - c entury german th inker , and hi...

On 17 June 1899 the Göttingen society took part in the festive unveiling of the Gauss-Weber monument in memory of the great mathematical and physical tradition of the University of Göttingen. On the occasion of this event a commemorative volume was published containing two contributions: Emil Wiechert’s paper on the foundation of electrodynamics (Wiechert 1899 ) and David Hilbert’s paper on the...

’abd al-raḥmān jabartī got involved in writing egypt’s incidents at a time when this country was about to enter developments due to which the traditional features of egypt would undergo some transformations. the transformative trends were originated from the fact that since nineteenth century new european thoughts in various cases, including historiography, which jabartī had been witnessing sin...

Although Dickens is still known as having been a highly visible supporter of England's well-known nineteenth-century sanitary movement, he became, in fact, deeply troubled by many of this movement's fundamental tenets, as evidenced by journal narratives on fever that he edited and wrote in the mid-nineteenth century. Rather than water and sewer engineering works and a sanitary regime policed by...

The capacity and error exponent of the direct detection optical channel are considered. The channel input in a T-second interval is a waveform A(r), 0 5 t I T, which satisfies 0 I A(t) I A, and (l/r)],,%(t) dt I aA, 0 < IT 11. The channel output is a Poisson process with intensity parameter X(t) + he. ‘The quantities A and CIA represent the peak and average power, respectively, of the optical s...

T he nature and effects of heat have intrigued philosophers and scientists since ancient times. Different theo['ies were deve loped to exp lain the phenomena, and of these, the wave theory and the ca loric theory were the ones that reillained in force until the second half of the nineteenth century when overwhelming evidence led to the conclusion that heat was not a material substance, that the...

In Prison and Plantation, Michael Hindus, a historian turned lawyer, has attempted to explain the nature of crime, criminal justice, and punishment in nineteenth century America by comparing evidence gathered from Massachusetts and South Carolina. He uses such diverse sources as manuscript court records, state reports, legislative debates, memoirs, letters, and pamphlets to study prison reform,...