What underlies young children’s failure in evaluating underinformative teachers? We explore the hypothesis that children have difficulty representing relevant alternatives; knowing what the teacher could have done. Children rated two teachers who demonstrated toys to a naı̈ve learner. One group first observed a fully informative teacher and then an underinformative teacher, while the other group...

Power relationships between undergraduates and academics are frequently overlooked. This article explores the construction of a ‘traditional’ power relationship academics, through theorisation systemic constitutive considers prevalence this dynamic within higher education (HE) context. I draw from Fairclough’s three-dimensional model critical discourse analysis to explore 32 interviews, 12 obse...

Dear Editor in chief Each year, Iranian university authorities, as a good tradition on Teacher’s Day, choose and introduce their top educators to their academic community. Undoubtedly, this effort is a good action, generally leading to effective promotion of the educational system. However, the criteria for these selections are always a matter of big debate. In overview, an academic excellent...

a curriculum deals with all the aspects of language learning including experience and purpose of learning, evaluation, and teacher-student relationship. an accurately planned curriculum for instruction can basically guarantee the success of an educational course. the present study is aimed at introducing nation & macalister language curriculum design (2010). doing so, the stages and principles ...

In the framework of kit-build concept map, (1) a goal map is prepared by a teacher, (2) parts of the map is generated by decomposing the goal map, and then, (3) a learner makes a map (a learner map) by combining the parts. The learner map is diagnosed by comparing with the goal map. The differences between the learner map and the goal map should be resolved by the learner to complete the learne...

Web 2.0 tools have created fresh opportunities for governments, education, businesses and individuals to enhance efficiency and improve effectiveness while executing respective professional duties. The key features of these tools include online character and access through a web browser, supportive for open content licenses, open sharing and social interaction, and often free to use or support ...

The design of educational material has a history of allowing people to present an individual expert view (the researcher as academic teacher) and a published base of knowledge (the academic teacher as text book writer). As learning has moved online and has now become more open a new dynamic of communication is emerging from the teacher to the learner, from the teacher to the teacher, and from t...

Much of learning and reasoning occurs in pedagogical situations – situations in which teachers choose examples with the goal of having a learner infer the concept the teacher has in mind. In this paper, we present a model of teaching and learning in pedagogical settings which predicts what examples teachers should choose and what learners should infer given a teachers’ examples. We present expe...

This article presents an investigation into the meaning of ‘learning’ It uses cybernetics as a framework to look at the fundamental questions of: What is learning and why do people learn? Why do they learn this (and not something else)? How does learning happen? The article first describes the origin of cybernetics and its central tenets of circularity, feedback and communication, which suggest...