as a commercial instrument, bank check has an important role in the life of international economy. therefore, along with unification of international regulations for bill of exchange and promissory note, the idea of applying uniform regulations to the check was gradually improved led to the approval of three genève conventions in march 1931. the said conventions were accepted by most countries ...

Revisiting Penal Substitution Kevin D. Kennedy Assistant Professor of Theology Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 2001 W. Seminary Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76115 Jesus paid it all, all to Him I owe; Sin had left a crimson stain, He washed it white as snow. Evangelicals, in their preaching as well as their worship, have recognized that the cross of Christ is central to the life of the beli...

Living in a forensic hospital for the last 38 years, Josefa da Silva is the longest female inhabitant surviving the penal and psychiatric regime in Brazil. This paper analyses dossier, judicial proceedings, interviews and photographs about her. The psychiatric report is the key component of the medical and penal doubling of criminal insanity. Twelve psychiatric reports illustrate three time fra...

since the analysis of complex services systems by using mathematical modeling techniques, with considering the random patterns prevailing in them, is so difficult or probably impossible, improvement guidelines are often followed based on the experts' experiences using qualitative methods. in the present paper, by employing a discrete event computer simulation methodology, criminal trial sy...

In repeated normal-form games, simple penal codes (Abreu 1986, 1988) permit an elegant characterization of the set of subgame-perfect outcomes. We show that the logic of simple penal codes fails in repeated extensive-form games. We provide two examples illustrating that a subgame-perfect outcome may be supported only by a profile with the property that the continuation play after a deviation is...

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es of incarceration for the dissolution of marital, cohabiting, and nonresidential romantic relationships. Given the considerable number of families affected by incarceration, the unequal distribution of incarceration across the population, and the potential consequences of family instability for the intergenerational transmission of inequality, understanding how the expanding penal system affe...