Cytoskeletal remodeling is essential to eukaryotic cell division and morphogenesis. The mechanical forces driving the restructuring are attributed to the action of molecular motors and the dynamics of cytoskeletal filaments, which both consume chemical energy. By contrast, non-enzymatic filament crosslinkers are regarded as mere friction-generating entities. Here, we experimentally demonstrate ...

The movement of eukaryotic flagella is characterized by its oscillatory nature. In sea urchin sperm, for example, planar bends are formed in alternating directions at the base of the flagellum and travel toward the tip as continuous waves. The bending is caused by the orchestrated activity of dynein arms to induce patterned sliding between doublet microtubules of the flagellar axoneme. Although...

Tetrahymena cilia contain a three-headed 22S (outer arm) dynein and a single-headed 14S dynein. In this study, we have employed an in vitro assay of microtubule translocation along dynein-coated glass surfaces to characterize the motile properties of 14S dynein, 22S dynein, and proteolytic fragments of 22S dynein. Microtubule translocation produced by intact 22S dynein and 14S dynein differ in ...

This paper presents the development and performance analysis of intelligent control techniques such as Sliding Mode controller and Fuzzy logic Controller for Brushless DC (BLDC)motor drives. Today, strong mathematical tools used in new control methodologies to design adaptive nonlinear robust controller with acceptable performance. One of the best nonlinear robust controller which can be used i...

Interaction between a structure under base excitation and heavy non-structural elements that it supports is significant in the seismic analysis and design of the structure. Heavy non-structural elements may slide/rock under base excitation, and this dynamic action affects the seismic behavior of the supporting structure. Hence, in this study, a numerical model was presented to describe the seis...

polyvinyl ester green composites were synthesized with walnut shell powder (wsp) by in-situ polymerization technique. the green composites have been evaluated for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and hardness. sliding wear loss, specific wear rate and coefficient of friction were investigated by using computerized pin-on–disc machine at normal applied loads of 20,...

The effect of repeated repair welding, shielded with argon, on microstructural properties, corrosion resistance, and dry sliding wear behavior of aluminum alloy 5083/H116 were investigated. Samples were welded by metal inert gas welding method. 100% argon was used to protect fusion zone. Aluminum alloy 5356 was used as the filler metal. The samples for microstructure, corrosion, and wear tests ...

Functionally graded aluminium/zirconia metal matrix composite was fabricated using stir casting technique followed by horizontal centrifugal casting process and a hollow cylindrical functionally graded composite (150 x 150 x 16 mm) was obtained with centrifuging speed of 1200 rpm. The microstructural evaluation and hardness test was carried out on the outer and inner surface of the functionally...

In this paper, the modified optimal sliding mode control with a proposed method to design a sliding surface is presented. Because of the inability of the previous approach of the sliding mode method to design a bounded and suitable input, the new variation is proposed in the sliding manifold to obviate problems in a structural system. Although the sliding mode control is a powerful method to re...