Thyroid lymphoproliferative disorder is known to be associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The major histological types of thyroid disorders are malignant lymphoma, such as diffuse large B cell extranodal marginal zone lymphoma mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), and follicular lymphoma. All these lymphomas; however, T represent only a minority cases. Since rarely develops heterogeneous e...

Lingual thyroid is an uncommon disorder which rarely need surgical intervention. Various techniques have been described with the majority requiring morbid procedures. We sought to describe a relatively novel technique for the surgical approach of this uncommon disorder with negligible morbidity and good functional results. The suprahyoid surgical approach for lingual thyroid was undertaken in a...

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as an autoimmune disorder is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroid (AIT) disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AIT in children who were referred to Amirkola Endocrine Clinic (north of Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 diabetic children aged 1-15 years during ...

Background and purpose: Melasma is a common skin pigmentation disorder that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and patches. Genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and pregnancy are known risk factors for melasma. Previous studies have suggested that thyroid disorders may be associated with melasma. Given the fact that vitamin D affects and stimulates the production of melanin by melanocytes, th...

Introduction: Graves Disease (GD) is the most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism. It an autoimmune disorder characterized by presence thyrotropin related antibodies that stimulate thyroidal cells, resulting in overproduction thyroid hormones. has been reported cytokines might be involved GD pathogenesis. So, aim present study was to investigate possible associations between IL-37 Single Nu...

BACKGROUND Ocular manifestations of thyroid dysfunction constitute a wide clinical spectrum ranging from minor ocular discomfort, lid retraction, lid lag and ocular injection, to sight threatening eyeball protusion and optic nerve compression. Thyroid-related eye disorders are most commonly associated with Graves' disease, and this most frequently occurs in the setting of hyperthyroidism. Howev...

In the last decade, there has been a rapid refinement in ultrasound technology and especially the development of high resolution ultrasound has led to an imperative part for ultrasound in the assessment of the thyroid and parathyroid disorders. Ultrasound images play a major role in the management of thyroid disorder and, in precise, in the management of recurring neck complications after thyro...

Correspondence: R Lozano Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Real Nuestra Señora de Gracia, Ramon y cajal, 6050004 Zaragoza, Spain Tel +34 876 764 522 Fax +34 876 764 555 Email [email protected] Dear editor The efficacy of lithium (Li) for acute mania and as prophylaxis against recurrent episodes of mania in bipolar disorder has been well established, with the minimum effective Li serum conc...

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a sporadic form of hypo-kalemic and it most commonly presents as sudden onset weakness in the proximal muscles. It disorder seen Asian men which characterised by abrupt hypo-kalemia primarily affects lower extremities secondary to thyrotoxicosis. due an intracellular shift potassium induced thyroid hormone sensitisation Na/K ATPase rather than depletion total po...