the purpose of this study was to describe how companies in pharmaceutical and biological sectors can ensure their position in different markets by relying on sustainable, competitive advantages, resulting from the use of a well-defined marketing model with particular emphasis on brand improvement. as competition becomes more intense among companies and phenomena such as global marketing grow in...

How DMO managers should evaluate success is a topic of much scholarly debate. Increasingly, there is a suggestion to integrate brand equity into place branding scholarship and practice, so this study aims to understand how DMO managers are using the construct, if at all. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 managers in a Southern U.S. state, and our results suggest that managers do n...

Purpose of Paper This article investigates components/factors that influence stakeholders’ perception of a professional sports team brand and how these components can generate brand equity for a professional sports team. Theoretical Background Utilising the work of Gladden et al. (1998) and their initial conceptual framework, the paper develops a brand equity conceptual framework applicable to ...

The paper proposes to start brand image research from scratch. It is argued that presently applied measurement methods hold an overly reliance on the presence and relevance of certain kinds of associations in consumer memory. First, the concept of brand representation is introduced, grounded on frame theory. Next, activation cues and evaluation context are elaborated upon in the paper, as these...

This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of consumer satisfaction on the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and brand loyalty in the hotel and restaurant industry. Based on a sample of 378 customers and using structural equation modelling approach, the five dimensions of brand equity—physical quality, staff behaviour, ideal selfcongruence, brand identification and life...

The concept “brand image” has drawn significant attention from academics and practitioners since it was put forward, because it played an important role in marketing activities. Although brand image was recognized as the driving force of brand asset and brand performance, few studies have elaborated on the relationship between brand image and brand equity. Based on the brand image theories, thi...

Previous research suggests that brand equity is affected by marketing mix elements, such as store image or distribution intensity. However, because the Internet has no boundaries, some of these elements may not be applicable in building the brand equity of online companies. In this study, we identify factors pertaining to online contexts that may affect consumers’ perception on quality and bran...

This study addresses global expansion challenges faced by multinational hotel companies under the backdrop of the booming international travel. Grounded upon theories pertaining to brand equity, this study develops the consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) model for multinational hotel brands, which examines the effects of brand knowledge on consumer response to these brands. The conceptual model ...

Brand equity, key to the evaluation of marketing performance, exists in the minds and, figuratively, hearts of consumers, and other market place players; but is largely assessed on the basis of their observed behaviours. Such indirect measures are typically relative (to other brands), e.g. market share and relative price, whereas direct measures such as. awareness and attitudes, are conventiona...