Root canal infection in primary teeth is polymicrobial nature. Most resistant micro-organisms, such as E.faecalis survive chronic of the root at periapical area and are difficult to remove by various irrigants. C.albicans has been found infections canals due its ability invade dentinal tubules. The multiple bacteria strains which cause en...

Retropharyngeal abscess is a rare but serious infection, in children, it often secondary to upper respiratory tract infections.We report the case of an 18-month-old infant admitted emergencies for acute febrile torticolis. A computed tomographic (CT) scan with contrast agent injection revealed collection retropharyngeal space; management consisted triple antibiotic therapy and transoral drainag...

As a generalization of the triple I method, the universal triple Imethod is investigated from the viewpoints of both fuzzy reasoningand fuzzy controller. The universal triple I principle is putforward, which improves the previous triple I principle. Then,unified form of universal triple I method is established based onthe (0,1)-implication or R-implication. Moreover, the reversibilityproperty o...

A 35-year-old Indian parrot (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences with a history of blepharospasm and corneal lesion OS. Test with fluorescein dye was negative. The dense corneal opacity (macula) was identified as involving the posterior corneal layer. The further ophthalmic exami...

Self-introduced foreign object by an adult into the root canal of a lower incisor is seldom reported in the endodontic literature. This case report describes a self-introduced unusual foreign body and its retrieval from the root canal of lower left lateral incisor. A persistent sinus tract resistant to calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament was then successfully treated with the use of triple ...

We present a case of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) infection of the ankle joint in a patient with HIV infection. The patient presented with a painful, destructive arthropathy of the ankle. Initial microbiological studies were negative but infection with MAI was later identified from biopsies taken during hindfoot fusion. Antibiotic triple therapy was given and the patient remains pai...

Periapical lesions of endodontic origin may develop asymptomatically and become extensive. Treatment options to manage such lesions range from non-surgical root canal treatment and/or apical surgery to extraction. A high percentage of complete and partial healing of extensive perapical lesions following conventional endodontic therapy has been reported. The case reports in this article describe...