ATP and NO are released from the urothelium in the bladder. Detrusor overactivity (DO) following spinal cord injury results in higher ATP and lower NO release from the bladder urothelium. Our aim was to study the relationship between ATP and NO release in (1) early diabetic bladders, an overactive bladder model; and (2) "diuretic" bladders, an underactive bladder model. To induce diabetes melli...

Chronic cystitis may be due to different known causes. Current basic science research has revealed a wide consensus that chronic cystitis may arise from a primary defective urothelium lining and in particular from a damage of its glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) component. The GAG layer is composed mainly of heparin, dermatan, the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulphate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA)...

Human urinary disorders are generally studied in rodent models due to limitations of functional in vitro culture models of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs). Current HUC culture models are often derived from immortalized cancer cell lines, which likely have functional characteristics differ from healthy human urothelium. Here, we described a simple explant culture technique to generate HUCs...

Urothelium, the epithelial lining the inner surface of human bladder, plays a key role in bladder physiology and pathology. It responds to chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli by releasing several factors and mediators. Recently it has been shown that hydrogen sulfide contributes to human bladder homeostasis. Hydrogen sulfide is mainly produced in human bladder by the action of cystathionin...

Proteins controlling cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenic stress are often deregulated in tumor cells. However, whether such deregulations affect tumor behavior remains poorly understood in many tumor types. We recently showed that the urothelium-specific expression of activated H-ras and SV40 T antigen in transgenic mice produced two distinctive types of tumors strongly resem...

The method to reveal DNA-instability as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytidine antibody after acid hydrolysis (DNA-instability test) was used as a marker of malignancy. The test was applied to paraffin-embedded sections taken from 15 urinary bladders, renal pelvic cavities, and ureters bearing multiple carcinoma in situ (CIS) and totally 31 papillary urothelial cancers....

Subtotal cystectomy (STC; surgical removal of ∼75% of the rat urinary bladder) elicits a robust proliferative response resulting in complete structural and functional bladder regeneration within 8-weeks. The goal of these studies was to characterize the early cellular response that mediates this regenerative phenomenon, which is unique among mammalian organ systems. STC was performed on eightee...

BACKGROUND Pathological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is primarily based on cytological atypia. It has previously been shown that high-grade (HG) UC, particularly UC in situ cells (CIS), can be over five times the size of a lymphocyte. However, this has not been demonstrated in comparison to reactive urothelium. The objective of this study was to empirically compare the difference in n...

To gain insight into the mechanisms by which Lactobacillus blocks the adherence of uropathogens to vaginal epithelial cells and inhibits their growth, 15 Lactobacillus strains and 22 uropathogens were studied. Lactobacilli from hemagglutination group III, identified as Lactobacillus crispatus, showed greater capacity to block uropathogen adherence than those from hemagglutination groups II and ...