The physiological decrease in vaginal estrogens is accountable for the emergence of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) and its related symptoms such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, vaginal and/or vulvar irritation or itching, and dysuria. The repercussion of these symptoms on quality of life often makes it necessary to initiate treatment. Up until now, the treatments available included vaginal m...

Background. Our previous Gräfenberg spot findings confirmed that the distal-third areas of the anterior vaginal wall bore a significantly greater number of nerves and sexual hormone may have certain degree of influence on these significant differences. However, the role of estrogen in vaginal innervations remains controversial. Methods. To investigate whether hormonal-neural interactions occur ...

Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethystilbestrol (DES) is known to induce ovary-independent persistent proliferation and cornification of vaginal epithelium. This irreversibly changed vaginal epithelium persistently expressed higher levels of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs, which was not altered by postpubertal estrogen. Sexual dimorphism was encountered in mouse pelvis and anococcygeus muscle. ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course of 3 prepubertal boys who presented with gynecomastia resulting from indirect exposure to a custom-compounded preparation of estrogen cream used by each child's mother. METHODOLOGY Each child was initially referred to the Children's Medical Center of Dallas' Endocrinology Center and followed for over 1 year. RESULTS All 3 boys presented with gynecom...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 3 day course of 2% clindamycin cream in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. DESIGN A prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study. SETTING Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital. SUBJECTS 55 female patients aged 18 years and over, and premenopausal, who spontaneously or after questio...

The results of large clinical trials have led physicians and patients to question the safety of hormone therapy for menopause. In the past, physicians prescribed hormone therapy to improve overall health and prevent cardiac disease, as well as for symptoms of menopause. Combined estrogen/progestogen therapy, but not estrogen alone, increases the risk of breast cancer when used for more than thr...

Estrogen-containing hormone therapy (HT) is the most widely prescribed and well-established treatment for menopausal symptoms. High quality evidence confirms that estrogen effectively treats hot flushes, night sweats and vaginal dryness. Progestins are combined with estrogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and are sometimes used alone for hot flushes, but are less effective than estrogen for...

conclusions garlic and zmb vaginal cream 2% can be used as an effective treatment option in cases of drug resistance and, also, by the people who are interested in treating with herbal medicines. results before treatment, all patients had positive candidiasis fungi culture, in both groups (100%). the positive culture was 14.1%, 15.2%, 10.3%, respectively, on day 7 after treatment and 2.6%, 0%, ...

BACKGROUND Vaginal atrophy, the thinning and drying of vaginal mucosa, is associated with menopause. The standard estrogen treatment is not suitable for all women. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of oral sea buckthorn (SB) oil supplementation on vaginal atrophy. METHOD A total of 116 postmenopausal women experiencing symptoms of vaginal dryness, itching or burning were randomized to th...